A problem with a figure related to band theory

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around a figure related to band theory in solid state physics, specifically addressing the representation of energy level splittings in diagrams associated with single atoms and multiple atoms in a lattice. Participants are examining the clarity and accuracy of these representations.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the increase in the number of splittings in the diagram is misleading to students.
  • Another participant describes the diagrams, indicating that part (a) represents single atom states, part (b) represents multiple atoms in a lattice, and part (c) represents a many atom lattice.
  • It is noted that the common approach in textbooks is to illustrate how energy levels split as more atoms are added, leading to a continuum in part (c).
  • Concerns are raised about part (b) showing a mix of twofold and fourfold splitting, which may cause confusion.
  • A participant asserts that each single particle state should split into as many states as there are particles in the system, suggesting that the representation in the figure may be incorrect.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the accuracy and clarity of the diagrams, with some agreeing that the representation in part (b) is confusing, while others defend the common approach used in textbooks. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the correctness of the figure.

Contextual Notes

There are concerns about the clarity of the representations in the diagrams, particularly regarding the implications of the splittings shown in part (b) and the treatment of the ground state. The discussion highlights potential ambiguities in the visual representation of band theory concepts.

DaTario
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TL;DR
Hi, All, I would like to know the following figure is ok in the context of explaining to beginers the theory of bands (solid state physics).
Hi, All. In searching for images related to the introduction of band theory in solid sate physics I found this one:
1632510900492.png


I would like to ask you if I am correct in thinking the increase in the number of splittings (in b) is misleading to students.

Thank you all

DaTario
 
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First: where did you get this diagram?

Ok, now on to an explanation:
Part (a) looks like a set of single atom states.
Part (b) is for multiple atoms in a lattice, looks like two.
Part (c) is for a many atom lattice
 
These kind of drawings are quite common and I've seen them in several books. The "idea" is that you start with a single atom and you have the standard atom energy levels (drawing a). With two close atoms we must split the atom levels to satify Pauli's principle (the splitting is shown very large to ease reading, drawing b). You keep adding many, many atoms until the discrete energy levels split in so many levels that the system looks like a continuum (drawing c). Kittel's or Ashcroft's books take this approach to introduce the subject
 
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Dr Transport said:
First: where did you get this diagram?
Thank you for the answers.

I got it from image googling with key word "band theory solid state physics".

It seems that (b) shows neither a twofold splitting nor a fourfold splitting. So it seemed confusing to me.
 
Gordianus said:
These kind of drawings are quite common and I've seen them in several books. The "idea" is that you start with a single atom and you have the standard atom energy levels (drawing a). With two close atoms we must split the atom levels to satify Pauli's principle (the splitting is shown very large to ease reading, drawing b). You keep adding many, many atoms until the discrete energy levels split in so many levels that the system looks like a continuum (drawing c). Kittel's or Ashcroft's books take this approach to introduce the subject
I understand it. I am worried with the drawings in (b), because it seems to show in one figure a mix of a twofold and a fourfold splitting.

It also bothered me that the figure also suggests that the ground state does not suffer any kind of split.
 
It does indeed look wrong, each single particle state should split into as many states as there are particles in the system.
 
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