About Compressive Forces on Control Volumes

N: In summary, the forces on a control volume due to changes in pressure across a fluid are generally considered compressive because pressure is the isotropic part of the overall stress tensor. This can be seen in the derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation, where the contribution of the pressure term to the overall traction vector is compressive.
  • #1
masshakar
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Why is it that forces (for changes in pressure across a fluid) on the control volume are generally considered compressive? Even in the derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation, it is assumed that forces from fluid pressure will be compressive? Why?
 
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  • #2
masshakar said:
Why is it that forces (for changes in pressure across a fluid) on the control volume are generally considered compressive? Even in the derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation, it is assumed that forces from fluid pressure will be compressive? Why?
Hi Masshakar. Welcome to Physics Forums!

Pressure represents the isotropic part of the overall stress tensor. In the overall stress tensor [itex]\vec{σ}[/itex] for an incompressible fluid, the stress tensor is represented by:
[tex]\vec{σ}=-p\vec{I}+\vec{σ_v}[/tex]
where [itex]\vec{σ_v}[/itex] represents the viscous part of the stress tensor and [itex]\vec{I}[/itex] is the identity tensor. If we use the Cauchy stress relationship to determine the stress on a surface of arbitrary orientation (by dotting the stress tensor with a unit normal), the contribution of the pressure term to the overall traction vector is compressive.

Chet
 

1. What is a control volume?

A control volume is a defined region in space that is used to analyze the flow of a fluid or substance. It can be a fixed or moving boundary, and is often used in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to study the exchange of mass, momentum, and energy.

2. What are compressive forces?

Compressive forces are forces that act on a material or object in a direction that decreases its size or volume. These forces can be caused by external loads or internal stresses, and can result in deformation or structural failure if they exceed the material's strength.

3. How do compressive forces affect control volumes?

Compressive forces can affect control volumes by changing the shape or volume of the fluid or substance within the volume. This can result in changes in pressure, velocity, and temperature, which can then impact the overall flow and behavior of the system.

4. What is the significance of studying compressive forces on control volumes?

Studying compressive forces on control volumes is important in understanding the behavior and performance of various systems, such as engines, turbines, and pumps. It also allows for the design and optimization of these systems to ensure they can withstand and properly utilize these forces.

5. How are compressive forces on control volumes calculated?

Compressive forces on control volumes can be calculated using various principles and equations, such as the Navier-Stokes equations, the Bernoulli equation, and the continuity equation. These equations take into account factors such as fluid density, velocity, and pressure to determine the overall forces acting on the control volume.

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