Loren Booda said:
Olias There are quantum gravity models that seemingly can only be solved in two spatial dimensions.
J. A. Wheeler says "the-one dimensional boundary of the two-dimensional boundary of a three-dimensional space is zero."
This going to get philosophical, but tell Wheeler I said a Two Dimensional 'anything' has no boundery!..actually Einstein's Field equations makes this plain!
As I said quite plain in my post?..now look at the Casimir Effect based on this fact, the energy makes it way from the fabric of 'Quantum' structure internal Space, and flows around the dimensional objects used in experimentation.
Electro-Magnetic Fields that extend along a 2-Dimensional Plain of certain Space(flat-space), naturally contract when a 3-D piece of matter appears , this is because of Curvature Caused by the 3-D matter. The same E-M Field naturally Expands when there is no SOLID-MATTER of substance, it by defination Expands to Infinite.
Feynman and Wheeler(who worked with Einstein) discussed this and developed QED between them, but it was Feynman who realized that the 2-D E-M field is reminicent of a Single Electron, and made a statement to this fact, Electrons that are everywhere, to the extent of saying there is but a single Electron that travels backwards and forwards in Time.
The 2-D field is that Electron in a sense, you find it where-ever Boundery conditions connect 3-Dimensional space with 2-Dimensional Fields!
The Space between Galaxies are the structure of E-M Vacuum Points, each component Electro/Magnetic are in Unison along the Field, when one separates the products, then one gets Singular, Mono Dimensional Points, these do not extent anywhere but inversely, they are Singularities, and thereby are Dimensionally detached from each other, it is debatable if a 'single dimensional point' can Expand to encompass all other Dimensional Structures, don't want to expand on this just yet, but Witten called it a Bubble Of Nothing, and I have dealt with this on another forum, so I won't expand on this for the moment
E-M Vacuum forms a continuous Line, it is the Fabric of Flat Space, it is not the Fabric of Spacetime, Curved Space.
Again a 2-D field Naturally Contracts, producing a clear Flat Space Metric in Expansion models, 3-D space-time-Curvature Naturally Expands, its dimensionallity allows Photon Emissions, which is Energy Expansion, offsetting Energy Contraction in Cosmological models.
The 2-D fields contract, its the direction of Contraction >-< which produce Grip around anything that pops into existence, such as Galaxies. The Scale factor between a Contracting E-M-V and an Expanding 3-D energy of Matter is the total sum of space and Spacetimes throughout the Universe, the Extra dimensional Constructs are just that, extra and Man-made.
