Accelerationg of rotating mass *along* the axis of rotation

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the acceleration of a rotating mass along its axis of rotation, exploring the implications of applying a force to such a system. Participants examine the relationship between linear and angular motion, particularly in the context of Newton's laws and the moment of inertia.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Harald questions whether accelerating a rotating mass along its axis constitutes a change in its state of motion and whether it resists this acceleration more than what is described by F=m×a.
  • One participant asserts that the acceleration does count as a change in motion and that regular inertia is sufficient for linear acceleration, implying no additional resistance from the moment of inertia is needed.
  • Another participant clarifies that to achieve acceleration in the +z direction, an unbalanced force must be applied through the center of mass, leading to linear acceleration described by az=Fz/m.
  • Harald acknowledges a correction regarding the notation from m×a to m·a, emphasizing the importance of the force direction to avoid tilting the axis of rotation.
  • One participant notes that since mass is a scalar and acceleration is a vector, the correct representation should be m·a, and discusses the effects of an arbitrary force on a rigid body.
  • A participant mentions the Earth as an example of a rotating body being accelerated by an unbalanced force through its center of mass.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

There is some agreement on the basic principles of applying force to a rotating mass, but the extent to which the moment of inertia affects the acceleration remains contested. Participants express differing views on whether additional considerations beyond linear inertia are necessary.

Contextual Notes

Participants discuss the implications of applying forces in relation to the center of mass and the effects on angular momentum, but the discussion does not resolve the complexities of these interactions or the specific conditions under which they apply.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying dynamics, particularly in the context of rotational motion and the application of forces on rigid bodies.

birulami
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Says Wikipedia: "The moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to any change in its state of rotation".

Now consider a rotating mass [itex]m[/itex] that I would like to accelerate along its axis of rotation by [itex]a[/itex]. Does this count as a "change in its state of motion"? Will it resist the acceleration more that just [itex]F=m\times a[/itex]. And if yes, how much?

Thanks,
Harald.
 
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birulami said:
Says Wikipedia: "The moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to any change in its state of rotation".

Now consider a rotating mass [itex]m[/itex] that I would like to accelerate along its axis of rotation by [itex]a[/itex]. Does this count as a "change in its state of motion"?
yes. Newton's laws.
Will it resist the acceleration more that just [itex]F=m\times a[/itex].
no. this is a linear acceleration - regular inertia is all you need.

Lets be sure I understand you: something is freely rotating about its center of mass - the rotation takes place in the x-y plane so the angular momentum points in the +z direction ... the z axis is the axis of rotation.

To accelerate the object in the +z direction, you apply an unbalanced force in the z direction through the center of mass. az=Fz/m is correct.

An arbitrary force applied to a free body will have a component through the center of mass giving rise to a linear acceleration by Fr=ma and another perpendicular to that giving rise to an angular acceleration by rFt=Iα
 
Yes, that was what I was after. The [itex]m\times a[/itex] should have been [itex]m\cdot a[/itex]. And yes, the force should point at the center of mass as to not tilt the axis of rotation.

Thanks,
Harald.
 
Since m is a scalar, and a is a vector, it should be just [itex]m\vec{a}[/itex] ... don't worry about it ;)

I could have said that, for an arbitrary force F at position vector r from the center of mass, then [itex]\vec{r}\wedge\vec{F}=I\vec{\alpha}[/itex] and [itex]\vec{r}\cdot\vec{F} = m\vec{a}[/itex]

You realize that the Earth is a rotating body being accelerated by an unbalanced force acting through it's center of mass?

Anyway, knowing how a general vector works on a rigid body should help you now.
 

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