How Do You Calculate the Decay Rate of C14 with a Given Half-Life?

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SUMMARY

The decay rate of Carbon-14 (C14) is calculated using the formula ekt, where the half-life is 5230 years. The correct decay constant (k) is derived from the natural logarithm of 2 (ln2), resulting in a negative value for k, which reflects the decreasing quantity of C14 over time. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding the behavior of exponential functions in decay scenarios, specifically that a positive k would incorrectly suggest an increasing quantity. The key takeaway is that for decay processes, k must always be negative.

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  • Understanding of exponential functions and their properties
  • Knowledge of natural logarithms, specifically ln2 and ln0.5
  • Familiarity with the concept of half-life in radioactive decay
  • Basic principles of differential equations
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  • Study the derivation of decay constants in radioactive materials
  • Learn about the applications of differential equations in modeling decay processes
  • Explore the implications of negative versus positive growth rates in exponential functions
  • Investigate other radioactive isotopes and their decay rates for comparative analysis
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Students preparing for differential equations, physicists, chemists, and anyone interested in understanding radioactive decay and its mathematical modeling.

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Doing some self prep for Diff EQ starting next week.

Determine the decay rate of C14 which has a 1/2 life of 5230. Using e^kt as a function,
I solve using k5230=ln.5 which gives the obvious answer of negative what I want. How do I know to use the reciprocal (ln2) other than to "just know" I want the positive k value? What if I'm looking for something where I may want a negative but don't know it? Will there be such an instance?

-thx
 
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trust your answer bro. if your function is e^kt then you do want k to be negative. A nice way to check is to think about the graph of e^kt and what it looks like for k negative and k positive. And keep in mind the question is about decay, so then which graph makes most sense?
 
KevinMWHM said:
Doing some self prep for Diff EQ starting next week.

Determine the decay rate of C14 which has a 1/2 life of 5230. Using e^kt as a function,
I solve using k5230=ln.5 which gives the obvious answer of negative what I want. How do I know to use the reciprocal (ln2) other than to "just know" I want the positive k value? What if I'm looking for something where I may want a negative but don't know it? Will there be such an instance?

-thx


Your intuition is off. You either want ##e^{kt}## with ##k < 0## or ##e^{-kt}## with ##k > 0##.The quantity ##Q = Q(t)## of C14 must be a decreasing function of t, since the substance is decaying. If you had ##Q = e^{kt}## with ##k > 0## then Q would be increasing without bound, so the amount of C14 would grow so much over a long time as to swallow up the whole earth---not what you want.
 

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