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The formula for calculating maximum bending moments is M = WL/4, where M is the maximum bending moment, W is the load applied to the beam, and L is the length of the beam.
The maximum stress in a beam can be determined by using the formula σ = Mc/I, where σ is the maximum stress, M is the maximum bending moment, c is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost point of the beam, and I is the moment of inertia of the beam.
The units for maximum bending moments are pound-force per inch (lb-in) or Newton-meters (N-m). The units for maximum stress are pounds per square inch (psi) or Newtons per square meter (N/m^2).
The type of load applied to a beam, such as point load or distributed load, will affect the magnitude and location of the maximum bending moments and stress. For example, a point load will result in a larger maximum bending moment and stress at the point of application, while a distributed load will result in a more evenly distributed maximum bending moment and stress along the length of the beam.
The maximum bending moments and stress can exceed the safe limit for a beam if the beam is subjected to a load that is too heavy or if the beam is not structurally sound. Other factors that can contribute to excessive bending moments and stress include improper beam design, material defects, and external factors such as wind or earthquake forces.
