Calculate z-parameters for a circuit using nodal analysis

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Homework Statement


Handwritten circuit schematic of a two-port network with resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 and a dependent current source G3V2, with input voltage V1 and current i1 on the left and output voltage V2 and current i2 on the right.

Calculate the z-parameters for this circuit.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


Handwritten notes on lined paper: z-parameter equations V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I2 and V2 = z21 I1 + z22 I2, with definitions z11 = V1/I1 at I2 = 0 and z21 = V2/I1 at I2 = 0, plus a circuit schematic with resistors R1, R2, R3, a dependent current source G3V2, and nodal analysis equations iL - G3V2 = I1 and V2/R3 - G3V2 = I1.


I'm trying to apply Nodal Analysis in order to find V_1 and I'm not too sure where to go with this now.
 
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  • Handwritten circuit schematic of a two-port network with resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 and a dependent current source G3V2, with input voltage V1 and current i1 on the left and output voltage V2 and current i2 on the right.
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  • Handwritten notes on lined paper: z-parameter equations V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I2 and V2 = z21 I1 + z22 I2, with definitions z11 = V1/I1 at I2 = 0 and z21 = V2/I1 at I2 = 0, plus a circuit schematic with resistors R1, R2, R3, a dependent current source G3V2, and nodal analysis equations iL - G3V2 = I1 and V2/R3 - G3V2 = I1.
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For ##Z_{11}## I think my approach would be to assume ##V_1## as a source, then find the ##i_1## that results. Either nodal or mesh analysis looks promising. If you're familiar with the use of supermeshes, then one loop equation will suffice (along with whatever auxiliary equations are required to satisfy the current source constraint).
 
gneill said:
For ##Z_{11}## I think my approach would be to assume ##V_1## as a source, then find the ##i_1## that results. Either nodal or mesh analysis looks promising. If you're familiar with the use of supermeshes, then one loop equation will suffice (along with whatever auxiliary equations are required to satisfy the current source constraint).

So I should put a V1 voltage source in parralel with the current source on the left?
 
CoolDude420 said:
So I should put a V1 voltage source in parralel with the current source on the left?
You want only one source there, so either leave the current source as is, or replace it with a voltage source. If you leave the current source, then that would fix the mesh current for its loop, or can be used as a branch current for nodal analysis. Then you'd need to find a way to determine the voltage across it. If you replace it with a voltage source, then you will solve for the mesh (or branch) current instead, giving you both the voltage and current needed for the Z-parameter.

If you're going to use nodal analysis, you'll want to define your reference node and solve for the voltage at node A, since that's where you're summing currents. Note that ##V_2## can be written in terms of ##V_A##, since ##V_2## appears along a single branch leading from node A.
 
gneill said:
You want only one source there, so either leave the current source as is, or replace it with a voltage source. If you leave the current source, then that would fix the mesh current for its loop, or can be used as a branch current for nodal analysis. Then you'd need to find a way to determine the voltage across it. If you replace it with a voltage source, then you will solve for the mesh (or branch) current instead, giving you both the voltage and current needed for the Z-parameter.

If you're going to use nodal analysis, you'll want to define your reference node and solve for the voltage at node A, since that's where you're summing currents. Note that ##V_2## can be written in terms of ##V_A##, since ##V_2## appears along a single branch leading from node A.

Oh. I see. Just another thing, how would I change that current source into a voltage source. The way we usually did it was if there was a resistor in parallel with that current source but in this case there's no resistor.
 
CoolDude420 said:
Oh. I see. Just another thing, how would I change that current source into a voltage source. The way we usually did it was if there was a resistor in parallel with that current source but in this case there's no resistor.
In this case you don't have to transform the source as you might convert a Norton current source to a Thevenin voltage source. Simply swap the current source for a voltage source. There are two variables of interest here: the voltage and current produced by whichever source is in that place. Their ratio will determine the impedance you're seeking. You can specify either the current or the voltage, then determine the resulting value of the other quantity.
 
gneill said:
In this case you don't have to transform the source as you might convert a Norton current source to a Thevenin voltage source. Simply swap the current source for a voltage source. There are two variables of interest here: the voltage and current produced by whichever source is in that place. Their ratio will determine the impedance you're seeking. You can specify either the current or the voltage, then determine the resulting value of the other quantity.

Ah. I don't seem to be getting anywhere. I have no idea why this isn't making sense to me. I'm going for the nodal analysis route.
Handwritten nodal analysis equation: i4 - G3V2 = I1 with an arrow to V2/R5 - G3V2 = I1, substituting i4 as V2/R5.

I just ended up where i started..
 
Attachments
  • Handwritten nodal analysis equation: i4 - G3V2 = I1 with an arrow to V2/R5 - G3V2 = I1, substituting i4 as V2/R5.
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Proceed step by step. For Nodal Analysis you need to first choose your reference node, then identify the essential nodes in the network. In your first post you identified node A, but didn't specify the reference node. You should label your drawing with your chosen reference node.

Next, don't be too quick to use variables that you want to disappear! When you're done you want to find the ratio ##V_1 / I_1## in terms of the fixed parameters of the circuit, namely the resistances and the amplification factor ##G_3##. So try to avoid using ##V_2## to specify the branch current; Branch currents should be written in terms of the node potentials, and ##V_2## is not at an essential node! Instead, write that term as though ##V_2## was not labelled on the diagram.

You'll need to define an "auxiliary" equation to write ##V_2## in terms of its branch current in order to "disappear" the ##V_2## in the ##G_3 V_2## branch :wink: