Calculating Force from Pressure in Water Rocket Building

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the force exerted by water in a water rocket when air pressure is applied. Participants explore the relationship between pressure, mass flow rate, and thrust, as well as the behavior of water as it exits the nozzle.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant, Dru Jouhnson, seeks assistance in determining the equation for the force exerted by water in a pressurized cylindrical tube.
  • Another participant explains that thrust can be calculated using the equation Thrust = mdot * v_exit, where mdot is the mass flow rate and v_exit is the velocity of the fluid at the nozzle exit.
  • It is noted that as water is expelled, the gas expands, leading to a drop in pressure and flow rate, which results in decreasing thrust over time.
  • Jagella questions whether the nozzle functions similarly to a throttle valve in a refrigerator, which reduces pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.
  • A participant responds that while the pressure drops and velocity increases as water exits the nozzle, the temperature remains largely unaffected due to the incompressibility of water.
  • Jagella further inquires about the general properties of liquids and gases, specifically their compressibility characteristics.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the behavior of water and gases in the context of pressure changes and flow dynamics. There is no consensus on the analogy between the nozzle and a throttle valve, and the discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of incompressibility.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about fluid mechanics and the behavior of incompressible versus compressible fluids, which may not be fully explored or defined.

DruJohnson
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Hello I am currently building a water rocket. I would like some help on finding the equation for the force that is exerted when I add air pressure to an cylindrical tube filled with water. How can I figure out the force that the water would create when I release it. I hope that someone can help with this problem of mine. I appreciate the help that anyone can offer me.

Thank you,
Dru Jouhnson
 
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For a rocket, the force (thrust) generated is given by:

Thrust = mdot * v_exit

where,

mdot = mass flow rate
v_exit = velocity of fluid at exit of nozzle

For a water rocket pressurized with air, you could figure out the mass flow and velocity from fluid mechanics. As the water is expelled, the gas expands, pressure drops, flow rate drops, and the thrust drops. Thus, the thrust decreases with time. But the weight of the rocket decreases too, so the acceleration may increase or decrease depending on the variables.
 
edgepflow said:
As the water is expelled, the gas expands, pressure drops, flow rate drops, and the thrust drops.

Does the nozzle of the rocket act like the throttle valve in a refrigerator? The pressure of the refrigerant is sharply reduced by the throttle valve which also reduces the temperature of the refrigerant.

Jagella
 
Not exactly. Since the water is basically incompressible, the temperature will largely be unaffected by the water's travel through the nozzle. The pressure will drop dramatically with a corresponding increase in velocity though (as a rough estimate, you could assume that it is an ideal nozzle, and thus the water's exit velocity is equal to sqrt(2P/rho)).
 
cjl said:
Not exactly. Since the water is basically incompressible, the temperature will largely be unaffected by the water's travel through the nozzle. The pressure will drop dramatically with a corresponding increase in velocity though (as a rough estimate, you could assume that it is an ideal nozzle, and thus the water's exit velocity is equal to sqrt(2P/rho)).

Are liquids typically incompressible and gases typically compressible?

Jagella
 

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