Calculating the torque needed for an M20x100 bolt is complex and depends on several factors, including joint design, load, number of fasteners, and required bolt pretension. The formula for torque is not straightforward, as it varies based on the specific application and conditions. Reference materials like Machinery's Handbook provide detailed guidance on this topic. It's essential to consider the bolt rating, coating, and lubricant used, as these can significantly impact torque values. Therefore, there is no universal answer, and each situation must be evaluated individually.