Can stationary permanent magnet do work?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the interaction between a stationary permanent magnet and a coil wound around it, particularly how the current in the coil influences the magnetic field. It establishes that the energy of the magnetic field is proportional to the square of the magnetic induction, leading to an increase in energy when the fields are combined. The conversation references Poynting Theorem to explain the relationship between electric fields and current density, raising questions about the source of the extra energy when the current increases. The implications of cooling the magnet to potentially enhance energy output from the coil are also explored.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of magnetic induction and its energy relationship (E1=kB12, E2=kB22)
  • Familiarity with Poynting Theorem and its application in electromagnetism
  • Knowledge of magnetic domains and their behavior under external magnetic fields
  • Basic principles of electromagnetism, including the effects of current on magnetic fields
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of Poynting Theorem in electromagnetic systems
  • Explore the effects of cooling on permanent magnets and their magnetic properties
  • Investigate the relationship between magnetic induction and energy in electromagnetic fields
  • Study the dynamics of magnetic domains and their response to external magnetic influences
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in the principles of electromagnetism and energy interactions in magnetic systems.

goran d
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We have a permanent saturated magnet. And a coil wound around it. The current produces magnetic field in same direction as the magnet. Now we know that the energy of magnetic field is proportional to the square of the magnetic induction.
E1=kB12
E2=kB22
Etotal=kB12+kB22+2kB1B2
We have an extra energy term when we add the fields. It grows proportionally with the current in the coil. The extra energy has to come from somwhere, or does it?
The magnet appears to be doing work in increasing the field.
This is fully compatible with Poynting Theorem. The integral of the dot product of the electric field and current density is equal to the increased energy. However, what that force is trying to do is to spin down the magnetic domains, which it can't do. So the electric force simply has no effect on the domains. Where does the extra energy come from?
If we increase the current to a very large value, can we then cool down the magnet, it to lose its magnetism, and it gives a much larger energy "boost" to the coil than the energy we spend?
 
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goran d said:
Now we know that the energy of magnetic field is proportional to the square of the magnetic induction.
Just a comment:

Edens = ½ * B * H [ J/m3 ] = ½ * B2 * μ

You say that the permanent magnet is saturated, so when extra H-field is added by the coil, μ → μ0 ( almost immediately ).

4-the-dc-generator-8-638.jpg
 
Consider what would happen if the coil magnet started off separate from the permanent magnet. You would have to do work to bring it into position, because being the same way round it would repel the permanent magnet. So the total energy would now be more than the sum of the energy of each separate field.

On that basis, one would expect to need more electrical energy to create the same amount of current (and hence that magnetic field) in the coil when it is wound round the permanent magnet than it would when it is separate.
 

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