Can Uniformly Bounded Functions Converge Weakly to Zero in $\mathscr{L}^p$?

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    2016
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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the convergence of uniformly bounded sequences of functions in $\mathscr{L}^p(-\infty, \infty)$. Specifically, it establishes that if a sequence of real-valued functions $(f_n)$ converges pointwise almost everywhere to zero and maintains a uniformly bounded $\|f_n\|_p$, then $(f_n)$ converges weakly to zero in the space $\mathscr{L}^p(-\infty,\infty)$. This conclusion is crucial for understanding weak convergence in functional analysis.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of $\mathscr{L}^p$ spaces, specifically $\mathscr{L}^p(-\infty, \infty)$
  • Knowledge of pointwise convergence and almost everywhere convergence
  • Familiarity with weak convergence in functional analysis
  • Basic concepts of boundedness in normed spaces
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of $\mathscr{L}^p$ spaces, focusing on weak convergence
  • Explore the implications of the Dominated Convergence Theorem in $\mathscr{L}^p$
  • Investigate examples of uniformly bounded sequences in $\mathscr{L}^p$
  • Learn about the relationship between pointwise convergence and weak convergence
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, particularly those specializing in functional analysis, graduate students studying real analysis, and researchers interested in convergence properties of function sequences in $\mathscr{L}^p$ spaces.

Euge
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Let $1 < p < \infty$, and let $(f_n)$ be a sequence of real-valued functions in $\mathscr{L}^p(-\infty, \infty)$ which converges pointwise a.e. to zero. Show that if $\|f_n\|_p$ is uniformly bounded, then $(f_n)$ converges weakly to zero in $\mathscr{L}^p(-\infty,\infty)$.

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No one answered this week's problem. You can read my solution below.
Let $q$ be the Hölder conjugate of $p$. Take $g\in \mathscr{L}^q(-\infty,\infty)$. By density of compactly supported functions in $\mathscr{L}^q$, it suffices to assume $g$ has compact support, and $\int f_n g \to 0$ as $n\to \infty$.

Suppose $g$ is supported on a compact set $K$. By Egorov's theorem, given $\epsilon > 0$ there exists a measurable subset $F$ of $K$ with $m(K\setminus F) < \epsilon$ such that $f_n \to f$ uniformly on $F$. Thus
$$\int_F \lvert f_ng\rvert \le \left(\sup_{x\in F} \lvert f_n(x)\rvert\right)\int_F\lvert g\rvert \quad \text{and}\quad \int_{K\setminus F} \lvert f_n g\rvert \le M\|g\|_\infty\epsilon^{1/q}$$
where $M = \sup_n\|f_n\|_p$. Hence
$$\varlimsup_{n\to \infty} \int \lvert f_n g\rvert \le 2M\|g\|_\infty \epsilon^{1/q}$$
Since $\epsilon$ was arbitary, the $\mathscr{L}^p$-weak limit of $f_n$ is zero.
 

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