Lightning is caused by a significant potential difference between clouds and the Earth, primarily due to static charges generated by clouds rubbing against each other. This static charge creates a strong electric field that ionizes air particles, forming a conductive layer of plasma. The resulting current flow generates thermal radiation, which we perceive as lightning. While the friction theory explains static charge formation, other theories suggest that ice particles in clouds also contribute to charge separation. Understanding these mechanisms enhances comprehension of this common natural phenomenon.
