Chemical potential at equlibrium

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the concept of chemical potential at equilibrium, exploring its definition and the conditions under which it is considered to be zero. Participants reference various articles and definitions, leading to questions about the individual versus collective behavior of chemical potentials in equilibrium states.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested, Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the chemical potential of a substance at equilibrium is zero, citing an article that supports this view.
  • Another participant suggests that it is the change in chemical potential, rather than the individual chemical potentials, that is zero at equilibrium.
  • A participant seeks clarification on the mathematical definition of chemical potential.
  • Another participant provides a basic definition, stating that chemical potential is the derivative of internal energy at constant entropy and volume, or the partial derivative of Helmholtz free energy at constant temperature and volume.
  • It is noted that the most useful definition is the partial derivative of Gibbs free energy with respect to the number of moles of a species at constant temperature and pressure, emphasizing its application in chemical thermodynamics and the criterion for equilibrium.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the value of individual chemical potentials at equilibrium, with no consensus reached on whether they are zero or not. There is also a lack of agreement on the interpretation of the definitions provided.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various definitions and articles, indicating potential limitations in understanding due to differing interpretations of chemical potential and its application in thermodynamics.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for students and researchers in chemistry and thermodynamics, particularly those interested in the concept of chemical potential and its implications in equilibrium systems.

LalithP
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What is the value of chemical potential of a substance at equilibrium?
According to following article it is zero:

https://www.uni-muenster.de/Physik....hen/Forschungsschwerpunkte/mBECwatfratcp.html

But I have seen in many articles that it is the change in chemical potential (ie. stoichimetric sum of chemical potentials) is zero, not individual chemical potentials. Could somebody clarify this?
 
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What is your understanding of the mathematical definition of "chemical potential?"
 
I think I know the basics like, it is the derivative of internal energy at constant entropy and volume or the partial derivative Helmholtz free energy at constant temperature and volume...
 
The most useful version is the partial derivative of the gibbs free energy G with respect to the number of moles of a given species at constant temperature and pressure. This is the form most extensively used in chemical thermodynamics. The equilibrium criterion for a chemical reacting mixture is that the gibbs free energy is minimized.
 

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