CIRCUIT ANALYSIS: Non-Ideal OpAmp with 2 resistors - Find Thevenin Equivalent

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on finding the Thevenin equivalent circuit for a non-ideal operational amplifier (op-amp) with two resistors. The op-amp is characterized by infinite input resistance (R_i = ∞), a finite gain (A), and a non-zero output resistance (R_0 > 0). The participants utilize Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) to derive equations for the output voltage (V_0) in terms of the input voltage (V_{IN}) and the resistances (R_1, R_2, R_0). The final equations indicate that both approaches to solving for V_0 are valid, but the correct interpretation of V_d is crucial for accurate results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of non-ideal operational amplifier characteristics
  • Familiarity with Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)
  • Knowledge of Thevenin's theorem in circuit analysis
  • Basic algebra for solving circuit equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the characteristics of non-ideal op-amps, focusing on input and output resistance
  • Learn advanced applications of Kirchhoff's Current Law in complex circuits
  • Explore Thevenin's theorem and its applications in circuit simplification
  • Practice solving circuit problems involving operational amplifiers and feedback mechanisms
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Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone involved in analyzing or designing circuits with operational amplifiers.

VinnyCee
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Homework Statement



There is a non-inverting op-amp below.

http://img291.imageshack.us/img291/8242/chapter5lastproblemea1.jpg

The op-amp is NOT ideal. We assume that R_i\,=\,\infty, R_0\,>\,0 and A is finite.

Find the general Thevenin equivalent circuit seen at the terminals.


Homework Equations



KCL, v = i R


The Attempt at a Solution



I changed the diagram to use a model given for a non-ideal op-amp.

http://img144.imageshack.us/img144/6144/chapter5lastproblempartyx5.jpg

Now I add some voltage and current markers.

http://img166.imageshack.us/img166/5948/chapter5lastproblempartsk9.jpg

V_d\,=\,-V_{IN} <-----Right?

V_1\,=\,-A\,V_{IN}

Now, the current equations)

I_1\,=\,\frac{V_1\,-\,V_0}{R_0}\,=\,\frac{-A\,V_{IN}\,-\,V_0}{R_0}

I_2\,=\,\frac{V_0\,-\,V_2}{R_2}

I_3\,=\,\frac{V_2}{R_1}

KCL at V_0)

I_1\,=\,I_2\,\,\longrightarrow\,\,\frac{-A\,V_{IN}\,-\,V_0}{R_0}\,=\,\frac{V_0\,-\,V_2}{R_2}

Solving for V_0)

V_0\,=\,\frac{-R_2\,A\,V_{IN}\,+\,R_0\,V_2}{R_0\,+\,R_2}

KCL at V_2)

I_2\,=\,I_3\,\,\longrightarrow\,\,\frac{V_0\,-\,V_2}{R_2}\,=\,\frac{V_2}{R_1}

Solving that equation for V_0)

V_0\,=\,\frac{R_2\,V_2\,+\,R_1\,V_2}{R_1}

But which do I use? Are they both right? ONe wrong? Or all wrong?
 
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I think you only did a partial KCL at node 2. Summing currents into the node you should get:

\frac{V_d-V_2}{R_i} + \frac{V_0-V_2}{R_2} + \frac{0-V_2}{R_1} = 0

and for the V0 node:

\frac{AV_d - V_0}{R_0} + \frac{V_2 - V_0}{R_2} = 0

Now you can solve for V_0 and use the V_in=V_d constraint, though you seems to think is otherwise. You might have a reason that I don't see, but I think V_d = V_in, and not the negative.
 

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