Component forces of a pendulum

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the component forces acting on a pendulum, specifically analyzing the equation $$T - mg\cos\theta = ma_{radial}$$. Participants explore the validity of this equation and the implications of tension and weight components in circular motion. Key points include the necessity of tension exceeding weight to prevent the string from breaking and the relationship between radial acceleration and tension components. The conversation emphasizes the importance of correctly resolving forces in both radial and tangential directions for understanding pendulum dynamics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion
  • Familiarity with circular motion concepts
  • Knowledge of vector resolution in physics
  • Basic grasp of trigonometric functions in relation to forces
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of centripetal force in circular motion
  • Learn about the dynamics of pendulum motion using differential equations
  • Explore the effects of varying mass and angle on pendulum behavior
  • Investigate the role of tension in non-uniform circular motion
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in the mechanics of pendulums and circular motion dynamics.

yucheng
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I refer to the website below (for more information):
http://www1.lasalle.edu/~blum/p106wks/pl106_Pendulum.htm#:~:text=The forces acting on the,the tension of the string.&text=The net radial force leads,is v2/r.)

P.S. I'll insert my specific questions in the following paragraphs in this format: {{Q(reference number):}}.
P.S.S I'll use the xy coordinate system (horizontal and vertical), also the radial and tangential coordinate system.

1607684491043.png


I am referring to the diagram above. Resolving weight into its components, the following equation was given: $$T-mg\cos\theta=ma_{radial}\tag1$$ I was wondering why is the equation true? Let me try by resolving the vector for tension. $$T_y=T\cos\theta \tag2$$ $$T_y=T\sin\theta \tag3$$ Let's assme $$T-mg\cos\theta>0$$, as if it is zero, this means that the $$weight > T$$ and the string will break. {{Q1: Is this reasoning acceptable?}}

Now, let's backtrack a bit and change the way we approached the problem. Instead of resolving weight into its components, we equate ##\tag1## with weight because otherwise, the string will break if ##w>(2)##, and the pendulum bob will not remain in circular motion if there is a component along the vertical axis ##w<(2)## {{Q2: Is this reasoning acceptable?}}. Does this mean that $$T_x=a_{radial}$$, given that the pendulum only moves along the circle in a plane, thus the change in direction is only caused by ##T_x## which is in the same plane? Well, at least that's what my textbook tells me.

Back to our original question, on equation ## (1)##, and given our reasoning on why (1) must be greater than 0, this means we can further resolve (1) into its components? Suppose we equate (1) with ##T"##, however, ##T'## does have a vertical component. The reason being there is still the tangential component of weight, and thus a vertical component of weight which (1) does not take into account. Considering our argument above how the ##a_{radial}## does not have a vertical component, how is ##T'=ma_{radial}##? {{Q3}}
 
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Where did you get the idea that the string will break if ##T>mg##? If you hang a mass from the ceiling of an elevator accelerating up with acceleration ##a##, the tension in the string is ##T=m(g+a)>mg## without the string necessarily breaking.
 
Last edited:
Your OP reads a bit confused and contains some mistakes. Basically, I'd choose ##r## and ##\theta## directions. Then the tension T plus the r-component of the weight (which is negative!) gives the resulting force in the ##r##-direction, which acts as centripetal force.
 

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