Conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the conceptual challenges associated with deriving angular momentum conservation from the Lagrangian formulation in classical mechanics. Participants explore the implications of symmetry principles, particularly in relation to rotational invariance and external forces, and how these affect the conservation of angular momentum in both classical and relativistic contexts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that deriving angular momentum conservation requires imposing the condition ##\delta L=\frac{d F(\vec{r},t)}{dt}## rather than simply ##\delta L=0##, indicating a potential gap in the standard derivation.
  • Another participant states that angular momentum is conserved in closed systems only if all external forces exhibit radial symmetry, implying a restriction on the conditions under which conservation holds.
  • A follow-up comment reiterates the need for additional conditions on the Lagrangian to derive angular momentum conservation, questioning whether it can be achieved solely through symmetry principles without further assumptions.
  • One participant emphasizes that the Lagrangian must be invariant under rotation to justify the assumption of conserved angular momentum, aligning with the previous points about symmetry requirements.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the conditions necessary for deriving angular momentum conservation, with some emphasizing the need for additional assumptions while others focus on the implications of symmetry principles. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the sufficiency of these conditions.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in the standard derivation of angular momentum conservation, particularly concerning the assumptions made about the Lagrangian and the nature of external forces. There is an acknowledgment of the complexities introduced by different forms of the Lagrangian and the implications for both classical and relativistic mechanics.

facenian
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Let ##L(\vec{r},\dot{\vec{r}})## be the lagrangian function, usually to get angular momentum conservation one impose ##\delta L=0## and form there we get ##\sum \vec{r}\wedge m\vec{v}=const##. There is however a conceptual problem with this procedure related to the fact that invariance under rotation does not necesarily means ##\delta L=0## but more generally ##\delta L=\frac{d F(\vec{r},t)}{dt}## and this gives
$$ \sum \vec{r}\wedge m\vec{v}=F(\vec{r},t)$$
It seems that for a general lagrangian we can't derive angular momentum conservation unless additional hypotheses are introduced concerning the form of the lagrangian function. For instance if we work with the concrete lagrangian ##L=\sum \frac{1}{2}mv^2-U(\vec{r},\dots)## we do get ##F(\vec{r},t)=const##, however for a general lagrangian, as I said before, we don't know. All this also applies to special relativity mechanics.
I would appreciate any comments.
 
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Angular momentum is conserved in closed systems only if all external forces have a radial symmetry.
 
mfb said:
Angular momentum is conserved in closed systems only if all external forces have a radial symmetry.

Yes, and this amounts to imposing additional conditions on the lagrangian function, so my question remains unanswered. Is it possible to obtain angular momentum conservation from the symmetry principle of Lorentz(or Galilean) invariance without any additional condition on the lagrangian?

The problem with the usual derivation stems from imposing ##\delta L=0## instead of the more general invariance condition ##\delta L=\frac{d F}{dt}##
 
The Lagrangian has to be invariant under rotation (otherwise your system does not follow the right symmetry and there is no reason to assume conserved angular momentum), which is exactly the condition given above.
 

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