The primary causes of conflict discussed include greed and ignorance, with fear also playing a significant role. Participants argue that conflict arises when individuals are unwilling to understand each other's differences, leading to a defensive stance where each party tries to assert their viewpoint. The conversation highlights that while differences can exist without conflict, the lack of empathy and understanding often escalates tensions. Additionally, some contributors suggest that conflict can drive adaptation and evolution, though it can also lead to destructive outcomes. Ultimately, the dialogue emphasizes that differences, combined with negative emotions like greed and fear, are central to understanding the nature of conflict.