I Confused about a matrix element

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Hello! My questions is in the context of a matrix element in a diatomic molecule. I will rephrase it as well as I can to remove any non needed complexity. I denote the sperical harmonic ##Y_m^l = |m,l>##. I have the operators ##n_{0} = Y_1^0## and ##n_{\pm 1} = Y_1^{\pm 1}##. I also define the operator ##\mathbf{N}## which is the raising/lowering operators for ##|m,l>##. For example, ##N_+|m,l>\propto |m,l+1>## (the prefactors don't matter for my question). Now, I build the operator ##H = i(n_+N_- + n_-N_+)##. If I calculate the matrix element ##<0,0|n_+N_- + n_-N_+|1,0> = <0,0|n-|1,1> + <0,0|n+|1,-1> = 2<0,0|n+|1,-1> ##, which is some non-zero value. However, if I calculate ##<1,0|n_+N_- + n_-N_+|0,0>## I get zero, simply because ##N_{\pm 1} = |0,0> = 0##. What am I doing wrong? This is a Hermitian operator so the 2 matrix elements should be the same. What am I missing?
 
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Malamala said:
This is a Hermitian operator so the 2 matrix elements should be the same. What am I missing?
Your operator ##H=i(n_+ N_- + n_- N_+)## is not Hermitian. This is because the ''raising/lowering'' operators ##N_\pm## act on the spherical harmonics, and since your ##n_0## and ##n_\pm## are spherical harmonics themselves, the operators ##N_\pm## do not commute with ##n_0## and ##n_\pm## . Compute ##H^\dagger## to see this.

More importantly, you did not specify what you mean by ##l## and ##m## in your question. However, the standard convention found throughout the literature is that, rather, ##l## denotes the angular momentum quantum number while ##m## is the angular momentum projection quantum number (the projection onto some "Z-axis"). The spherical harmonics, which I will denote as ##Y_{l,m} \equiv |l,m\rangle##, are the eigenfunctions of the angular momentum operators: ##\mathbf{L}^2## and ##L_z##. Now, both of these operators commute with the Hamiltonian of, e.g., the hydrogen atom. But if you are interested in diatomic molecules:
Malamala said:
My questions is in the context of a matrix element in a diatomic molecule.
then you must remember that ##\mathbf{L}^2## do not commute with the molecular Hamiltonian (only the operator ##L_z## does). So for a diatomic molecule, you do not even have a well-defined notion of a quantum number ##l## ##-## assuming, of course, that you are referring in your question to the orbital anguar momentum of the molecular electrons. If this is the case, then the "raising/lowering" operators do not act in a way that you assumed in your question (the result is not a proportionality, which you denoted by "##\propto##").
 
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