Confusing variable change calculation

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the transformation of the kinetic energy operator for a system of N particles when changing variables from position vectors r_i to new variables η_i. The kinetic energy operator in the new variables is expressed as T' = ∑_{i=1}^{N-1} -Δ_i/(2μ'_i) + ∑_{i PREREQUISITES

  • Understanding of quantum mechanics, specifically kinetic energy operators.
  • Familiarity with variable transformations in multivariable calculus.
  • Knowledge of differential operators, including the Laplacian and gradient.
  • Concept of connections in differential geometry, particularly Levi-Civita connection.
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Physicists, mathematicians, and students studying quantum mechanics or advanced calculus, particularly those interested in the mathematical foundations of kinetic energy operators and variable transformations.

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Suppose you start with a system of N particles identified by position vectors [itex]r_1, r_2, \ldots, r_N[/itex] and masses [itex]\mu_1, \mu_2, \ldots, \mu_N[/itex]. Then (quantum mechanically) the kinetic energy operator for this system is given by (assuming [itex]\hbar = 1[/itex])

[tex] T = \sum_{i = 1}^N -\frac{\Delta_i}{2\mu_i},[/tex]

where [itex]\Delta_i = \Delta_{r_i}[/itex] is the Laplacian in the variable [itex]r_i[/itex]. Now, let's make the change of variables [itex]\eta_i = r_i - r_N[/itex]. According to the book I have, the kinetic energy in the new variables looks like

[tex] T' = \sum_{i = 1}^{N-1} -\frac{\Delta_i}{2\mu_i'} + \sum_{i < j} \nabla_i \cdot \nabla_j,[/tex]

where [itex]\Delta_i = \Delta_{\eta_i}[/itex], [itex]\nabla_i = \nabla_{\eta_i}[/itex], and

[tex] \frac{1}{\mu'_i} = \frac{1}{\mu_i} + \frac{1}{\mu_N}.[/tex]

I simply do not see how this is true. It seems that, if one applied the chain rule, one obtains [itex]\Delta_{\eta_i} = \Delta_{r_i}[/itex]; is that not true?
 
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No. It depends on the connection we use, in this case probably Levi-Civita, because the coordinate transformation changes the evaluation point of the gradient field.
 

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