Conservation of Mass of Air Flowing in Duct

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the conservation of mass in airflow through a duct, specifically a 2-meter long closed channel with a 5mm x 5mm cross-section. The initial air velocity is 0.2 m/s at 20 degrees Celsius. The participant initially believed that the exiting air velocity could not exceed 0.2 m/s due to conservation of mass principles, but later realized that heating the duct decreases air density, allowing for a higher exit velocity. This highlights the importance of considering temperature effects on air density in fluid dynamics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of fluid dynamics principles, particularly the conservation of mass.
  • Familiarity with the concept of Mach number and its implications for compressibility.
  • Knowledge of how temperature affects air density and flow characteristics.
  • Experience with basic equations of mass flow rate, specifically mdot = density * velocity * area.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the effects of temperature on gas density and flow behavior in ducts.
  • Learn about the principles of compressible versus incompressible flow in fluid dynamics.
  • Explore the relationship between velocity, area, and density in airflow using the continuity equation.
  • Investigate practical applications of these principles in HVAC systems and aerodynamics.
USEFUL FOR

Students in mechanical engineering, HVAC professionals, and anyone studying fluid dynamics or thermodynamics who seeks to understand the implications of temperature changes on airflow and mass conservation.

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Homework Statement



The problem asks, air at 20 degrees celsius enters a 2-m long closed channel with 5mm x 5mm square duct at 0.2 m/s. One part of the question asks, if someone clams that the average velocity of the exiting air is slightly more than 0.2m/s, does this violate the conservation of mass? Explain

Homework Equations



mdot = density * velocity * area

The Attempt at a Solution



My reasoning was that, since 0.2m/s << 343m/s which is the speed of sound in air, the Mach number is very small, so air is basically incompressible and inlet and exit density is equal. Given that cross sectional area does not change, and by conservation of mass mdot must be the same in and out, therefore Vin must be equal to Vout so the exiting air cannot have a higher velocity.

However, I got marked wrong on this question and on my test paper the prof wrote that density decreases. Since it costs money for remarking, I want to be sure if I am correct or not before going for recheck

Any help is appreciated
 
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It isn't clear to me why the density of the air decreases. Is the duct being heated?
 
RTW69 said:
It isn't clear to me why the density of the air decreases. Is the duct being heated?

It seems I made a very stupid mistake. Upon a second look at the question I found that the duct was being heated and it seems that I forgot about it. The prof always assumed velocity didn't change when there's a temperature variation for the flow which is how I probably got tricked by this question.

Thanks very much for pointing that out, this was an important lesson learned for me
 

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