Damped Harmonic Motion Time Constant?

In summary, a 530 g ball attached to a spring with a spring constant of 17.0 N/m is pulled down 7.00 cm and released. After 41.0 oscillations, the amplitude decreases to 3.50 cm. Using equations for energy and damping, the time constant is calculated to be 0.101 seconds. This can also be calculated using the damped oscillation frequency and amplitude equation.
  • #1
m84uily
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Homework Statement



A spring with spring constant 17.0 N/m hangs from the ceiling. A 530 g ball is attached to the spring and allowed to come to rest. It is then pulled down 7.00 cm and released.

What is the time constant if the ball's amplitude has decreased to 3.50 cm after 41.0 oscillations?

k=17.0 N/m
m = 0.53kg
Ai = 0.07m
Af = 0.035
oscillations = 41

Homework Equations



T = period = s / oscillation
T = 2pi (m/k)^(1/2)
Us = (1/2)k(A)^2
Us(damped) = (1/2)k ((A)e^(-bt / 2m))^2

The Attempt at a Solution



Ei = (1/2)k(Ai^2) = (1/2)(17)(0.07^2) = 0.04165
Ef = (1/2)k(Af^2) = (1/2)(17)(0.035^2) = 0.0104125

Ef / Ei = 1/4


(1/2)k(A^2) = (1/2)k (A e^(-bt / 2m))^2 = (1/8)k(A^2)

(1/2)k (A e^(-bt / 2m))^2 = (1/8)k(A^2)

(1/2)e^(-bt / m) = 1/8

e^(-bt / m) = 1/4

-bt / m = ln(1/4)

b = - m ln(1/4) / t

2pi (m/k)^(1/2) = t / oscillation

t = 2pi (m/k)^(1/2 (oscillation)

t = 7.239

b = - (.53) ln(1/4) / (7.239) = 0.101
 
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  • #2
calculate time equivalent to 41 oscillation t=41*(2*pi)/(w1)
where w1 is damped oscillation freq w1^2=w0^2-(b/2m)^2

then use amplitude equation A=a*exp(-b/2m*t)
 
  • #3
Thanks!
 

1. What is damped harmonic motion time constant?

Damped harmonic motion time constant refers to the characteristic time it takes for a damped harmonic oscillator to decrease to 1/e (approximately 36.8%) of its initial amplitude.

2. How is damped harmonic motion time constant calculated?

The damped harmonic motion time constant can be calculated by dividing the damping coefficient by the mass of the oscillator. It is also equal to the reciprocal of the damping constant.

3. What factors affect the damped harmonic motion time constant?

The damped harmonic motion time constant is affected by the mass of the oscillator, the damping coefficient, and the initial amplitude of the oscillation. It is also influenced by external factors such as friction and air resistance.

4. How does the damped harmonic motion time constant affect the oscillation of a system?

The damped harmonic motion time constant determines the rate at which the oscillations of a system decrease over time. A smaller time constant indicates a faster decrease in amplitude, while a larger time constant corresponds to a slower decrease in amplitude.

5. What are some real-life examples of damped harmonic motion?

Damped harmonic motion can be observed in many real-life systems, such as a swinging pendulum with air resistance, a car's suspension system, and the vibrations of a guitar string. It is also present in the motion of a mass attached to a spring, where the damping is caused by friction and air resistance.

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