Degrees of freedom of elementary particles

In summary, the EM wave and photon have two degrees of freedom: polarization directions and spin states. However, unlike macroscopic objects which can move in all directions in space, the degrees of freedom of elementary particles are limited to their spins and charges, which are considered intrinsic properties. This is due to the definition of degrees of freedom, which excludes direction or speed of motion as intrinsic properties.
  • #1
Lapidus
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The EM wave and the photon have two degrees of freedom. Their polarization directions and spin states, respectively.

But they move in space, too. I mean light has the freedom to go in all directions in space.

Like a macroscopic ball in 3-D space, which can go all three directions, if there are no constrains.

So why are the degrees of freedom of elementary particle only their spins and charges (e.g. for quarks), i.e. internal properties, and not their freedom to move in space?
 
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  • #2
It has to do with definition. Degrees of freedom refer to intrinsic properties. Direction or speed of motion are not intrinsic.
 
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What are degrees of freedom of elementary particles?

The degrees of freedom of elementary particles refer to the number of independent parameters or variables needed to describe the state of the particle. This includes factors such as position, momentum, spin, and polarization.

How many degrees of freedom do elementary particles have?

The number of degrees of freedom of elementary particles varies depending on the particle. For example, photons have two degrees of freedom (polarization), while electrons have four degrees of freedom (position, momentum, and spin).

Why is understanding degrees of freedom important in particle physics?

Understanding degrees of freedom is important in particle physics because it allows us to accurately describe and predict the behavior of particles. It also helps us understand the underlying laws and principles of the universe.

Can the degrees of freedom of elementary particles change?

Yes, the degrees of freedom of elementary particles can change under certain conditions, such as interactions with other particles or in extreme environments like high temperatures or strong magnetic fields.

How do degrees of freedom relate to the concept of entropy?

In thermodynamics, entropy is a measure of the number of possible microstates that a system can have. The degrees of freedom of particles contribute to the total number of microstates, and therefore, play a role in the calculation of entropy.

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