Derivative of a sinusoidal function

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SUMMARY

The derivative of the function \( f(x) = \frac{2x^2}{\cos x} \) is calculated using the quotient rule. The correct derivative is \( F'(x) = \frac{4x \cos x + 2x^2 \sin x}{\cos^2 x} \). The confusion arises from the negative sign in the derivative of \( \cos x \), where \( g'(x) = -\sin x \) leads to a positive term when substituted into the quotient rule. The key takeaway is understanding how to handle negative signs in derivatives correctly.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of calculus concepts, specifically derivatives
  • Familiarity with the quotient rule for differentiation
  • Knowledge of trigonometric functions and their derivatives
  • Ability to manipulate algebraic expressions involving trigonometric identities
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of the quotient rule in more complex functions
  • Learn about the derivatives of other trigonometric functions such as \( \tan x \) and \( \sec x \)
  • Practice problems involving derivatives of functions that include trigonometric ratios
  • Explore the implications of negative derivatives in calculus
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Students studying calculus, particularly those focusing on differentiation techniques, as well as educators looking for examples of applying the quotient rule with trigonometric functions.

Specter
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Homework Statement


What is the derivative of ##f(x)=\frac {2x^2} {cos x}##?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



##F(x)=\frac {2x^2} {cos x}##

So...

##f(x)=2x^2## and ##f'(x)=4x##

##g(x)=cosx## and ##g'(x)=-sinx##

If I plug these into the quotient rule I thought that I would get the correct answer.

##F'(x)=\frac {f'(x)g(x)-f(x)g'(x)} {(g(x))^2}##

##=\frac {4x cosx -2x^2 (-sinx)} {cos^2x}##

The answer I'm given is supposed to be ##=\frac {4x cosx +2x^2 sinx} {cos^2x}##.

What is happening to make ##-2x^2## positive and ##-sinx## positive?
 
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The answers look the same to me. (-1)*(-1) is positive...
 
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Specter said:

Homework Statement


What is the derivative of ##f(x)=\frac {2x^2} {cos x}##?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



##F(x)=\frac {2x^2} {cos x}##

So...

##f(x)=2x^2## and ##f'(x)=4x##

##g(x)=cosx## and ##g'(x)=-sinx##

If I plug these into the quotient rule I thought that I would get the correct answer.

##F'(x)=\frac {f'(x)g(x)-f(x)g'(x)} {(g(x))^2}##

##=\frac {4x cosx -2x^2 (-sinx)} {cos^2x}##

The answer I'm given is supposed to be ##=\frac {4x cosx +2x^2 sinx} {cos^2x}##.

What is happening to make ##-2x^2## positive and ##-sinx## positive?

I assume you mean ##\cos x## rather than ##cos x,## and to get the first form, just put a "\" in front (so type "\cos x" instead of "cos x"). Same for sin, tan, etc---basically for all the standard functions.
Anyway, the quotient rule gives
$$ \left( \frac{2x^2}{\cos x} \right)'= \frac{(2x^2)'}{\cos x} - \frac{(2 x^2) (\cos x)'}{\cos^2 x},$$
which evaluates to
$$\frac{4x\: \cos x -2x^2 \: (-\sin x)}{\cos^2 x} = \text{given answer}$$ Use the fact that ##-(- \sin x) = + \sin x##.
 
Last edited:

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