Derive energy of electric dipole in electric field

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the potential energy \( U(\theta) \) of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field \( \vec{E} = E\vec{e}_x \). The dipole moment is defined as \( p = qd \), where \( d \) is the separation distance. The user, Marius, seeks clarification on the sign of the work done, expressed as \( \mathm{d}W = p\,E\sin\theta \mathrm{d}\theta \), and how to determine whether it should be \( \tau\mathrm{d}\theta \) or \( -\tau\mathrm{d}\theta \). The response suggests considering the angle \( \theta \) as the angle between \( \vec{p} \) and \( \vec{E} \) to evaluate energy for different values of \( \theta \).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electric dipole moment and its definition \( p = qd \)
  • Knowledge of uniform electric fields and their characteristics
  • Familiarity with the concept of torque \( \tau \) in physics
  • Basic grasp of potential energy in the context of electric fields
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of potential energy for electric dipoles in electric fields
  • Learn about torque and its applications in electric dipole systems
  • Explore the relationship between angle \( \theta \) and potential energy in electric fields
  • Investigate the implications of sign conventions in physics equations
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, particularly those focusing on electromagnetism, electric dipole interactions, and energy calculations in electric fields.

Jonsson
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Hello there,

I want to derive ##U(\theta) ## for electric dipole placed in uniforum electric field $\vec{E} = E\vec{e}_x$ where E is constant. I define the dipole moment as $p = qd$, where $d$ is the distance from the two

I write $\mathm{d}W = p\,E\sin\theta \mathrm{d}\theta = \tau\mathrm{d}\theta$, but how do I determine what the sign should be? Should it be $\tau\mathrm{d}\theta$ or $-\tau\mathrm{d}\theta$?

I don't understand how to work it out. What determines what the sign should be?

Thank you for your time.

Kind regards,
Marius
 
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How did you define theta?
Just consider the energy for different values of theta, that should give the answer.
 
Let theta be the angle between ##\vec{p}## and ##\vec{E}##.
 

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