I have derived this in the attached file.
This is the negative feedback (feedback from output of the opamp to the inverting input of the opamp).
With negative feedback, voltage at inverting input (V-) = voltage at non-inverting input (V+). And the output voltage will be controlled by the V-.
Without the negative feedback, the amplifier is called "open loop" where the output voltage is Gain*different voltage between V+ and V-.