Did the Universe truly form out of nothing?

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The discussion centers on the concept of the universe potentially forming from "nothing," as presented in a Discovery Channel program on the Big Bang theory. Participants express skepticism about this idea, noting that a singularity, often referenced in cosmology, is not truly "nothing" but rather a point where physical laws break down. They highlight the emergence of nonsingular cosmology models that avoid singularities, suggesting that the understanding of the universe's origins is still evolving. The conversation emphasizes the speculative nature of current theories and the need for empirical evidence before accepting claims about the universe's beginnings. Ultimately, the consensus leans towards a cautious approach to such profound questions, advocating for a wait-and-see attitude regarding new scientific developments.
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Sunday night, Discovery Channel ran a program titled "How the Universe Works." The program explained Big Bang theory, string theory, etc. One of the things mentioned was how the Universe (may have?) formed out of nothing. The narrator basically said one needs to take a "leap of faith."

How was this conclusion reached? Thanks for your time.
 
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It may have to do with the singularity, since the laws of physics break at singularities.
 
A singularity is not the same as nothing. A singularity is more like everything at the same place.
 
Tyep "A universe form nothing " into google video, watch Lawrence Krasu excellent lecture.
 
Mathnomalous said:
Sunday night, Discovery Channel ran a program titled "How the Universe Works." The program explained Big Bang theory, string theory, etc. One of the things mentioned was how the Universe (may have?) formed out of nothing. The narrator basically said one needs to take a "leap of faith."

How was this conclusion reached? Thanks for your time.

Mathnomalous, be careful. I didn't watch this particular show but Discovery Channel is not known to be reliable. It may cause harm to your brain. :biggrin:

I don't know any evidence that the U formed out of nothing, or any reason to take a "leap of faith".

In some models (mostly from before 2005, fashionable back in the 1990s) time is meaningless back before 13.7 some billion years ago. In other models (mostly studied after 2005 or so) time extends back before that and there is no emergence from "nothing".

Nonsingular cosmology has come into fashion since around 2005---people figure out models where a singularity (breakdown of theory) does not occur. No one thinks that a singularity occurred in nature---it just means a mathematical failure of a theory and you deal with it by fixing or replacing the theory.

But Discovery Channel is probably still talking about "The Singularity" as if it really means something. I don't know what they talk about, whatever stimulates people and keeps their ratings up. They have to make money.

A new book is coming out this year about today's research into models of conditions before the big bang. I don't like most of what I hear about it. They got around 20 top experts with maybe about 10 different models each to write a chapter. Reviewer copies have already gone out and the book has gotten praise from some prominent worldclass cosmologists. So hopefully this will impact the pop-sci outlets and Discovery Channel will get more up to date. I would guess they are about 10 years out of date at present, just my wildass guess.
But even then it won't be too good because the new book, called "Beyond the Big Bang" really is unselective. From what I can see by looking at the online material and the table of contents it has a large proportion of what is, in my humble opinion, garbage.

Interesting computer models that go back before the big bang are being run. Systematic variations and different cases are being explored. A serious attempt is being made to identify features of the CMB radiation that would result from various models and which might be detected by instruments now in orbit or which could be put in orbit. You may see some hard scientific results emerge in your lifetime.

But at the moment the prevailing professional attitude is "don't hold your breath". Don't take "leaps of faith". And just personally I would add to that my advice: don't watch garbage media or take highly speculative untested stuff seriously. Especially if it is 10 years out of date :biggrin: but also even if it is recent! Wait until some of these nonsingular cosmology models have made some firm testable predictions and the predictions are being tested by actual instruments in orbit. Just my personal advice as someone who watches the quantum cosmology scene.

If you want to sample the quantum cosmology/early universe literature at technical level, skimming to find parts you can understand without too much math, here's a link.
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?rawcmd=FIND+DK+QUANTUM+COSMOLOGY+AND+DATE+%3E2007&FORMAT=www&SEQUENCE=citecount%28d%29
It is all I can offer because I don't know any reliable up-to-date popularization.
That link gets all the professional research in quantum cosmology that has appeared since 2007. You can change the date and other parameters and play around with the search tool if you want. Most of the papers are free PDF online if you click on the right thing. The influential ones are usually the ones with high citation counts. They have been cited often by other researchers. So I ordered the list by citation count to bring up the more important papers first.

Oh. Einstein-Online has a modest amount of reliable up to date popularization of quantum cosmology. there is a link in my sig. their stuff is post-2005 and they are a reputable research outfit. einstein-online is their public outreach website. It's not a big effort, popularization is not their focus. But the site has a few brief essays.
 
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Thinking that this total universe was at one time smaller than the volume of a neutron sure sounds silly to me. Sorry.
 
justwondering said:
Thinking that this total universe was at one time smaller than the volume of a neutron...

Who thinks that? Does somebody claim that is the scientific consensus? I'm curious where you got that, what the assumptions, the model, what part of the universe they were actually talking about. Maybe you could look up your source.
 
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justwondering said:
Thinking that this total universe was at one time smaller than the volume of a neutron sure sounds silly to me. Sorry.

What I'm curious about is how you determine what is "silly".

Do you have experience with Big Bang-like phenomena by which to compare the sensical and the nonsensical?

Are you looking around at other universe-creations that were much more mundane and non-silly such that this one stands out?
 
justwondering said:
Thinking that this total universe was at one time smaller than the volume of a neutron sure sounds silly to me. Sorry.

Is there any way you or anyone can conceive of time before our universe WAS? How can you proclaim something that is so far beyond our capacity to grasp is silly? That's a bit like saying that the notion of you not having memories prior to your birth is silly, because here you are. Anytime we consider endings and beginnings, it isn't intuitive or comfortable.
 
  • #10
Mathnomalous said:
Sunday night, Discovery Channel ran a program titled "How the Universe Works." The program explained Big Bang theory, string theory, etc. One of the things mentioned was how the Universe (may have?) formed out of nothing. The narrator basically said one needs to take a "leap of faith."

How was this conclusion reached? Thanks for your time.

It sounds like the standard idea that the material to start the big bang arose as a quantum fluctuation out of "nothing".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Tryon

Of course, quantum fluctuations would seem to have to arise out of some framework of existence. So not exactly nothing.

There are in fact a range of options on how to view the cosmological question of how it all first arose. I've summarised them in this thread on vagueness (the option that remains the least widely known, yet for me easily the most promising).

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=301514
 
  • #11
Vilenkin publsihed a paper in Physcial Review Letters showing how the unvierse can come out fo literally nothing, the only thing that's required to exiist is the laws of physics.
 
  • #12
It's pure speculation as to what happened "before" the big bang, or whether there even was a "before". It's not really accurate to claim that it was created from nothing, since you can never extract data which would reveal that fact.

The ultimate origin is always out of reach by definition, so it's best to simply say "we don't know". What we do know is that what we can currently observe was created with high density of matter and energy, the density of which decreased over time.
 
  • #13
Researcher X said:
It's pure speculation as to what happened "before" the big bang, or whether there even was a "before". It's not really accurate to claim that it was created from nothing, since you can never extract data which would reveal that fact.

The ultimate origin is always out of reach by definition, so it's best to simply say "we don't know". What we do know is that what we can currently observe was created with high density of matter and energy, the density of which decreased over time.

That is the best answer in my view. I can imagine AN origin point, but not an ultimate origin being understood. We aren't built to handle infinities of any sort.
 
  • #14
In these matters, I always find solice in a quote from the late John Wheeler offering a lovely but chilling paradox: "At the heart of everything is a question, not an answer. When we peer down into the deepest recesses of matter or at the farthest edge of the universe, we see, finally, our own puzzled faces looking back at us."
 
  • #15
Very good quote, yogi.

Actually, I am currently watching the NEW show [on the Discovery Channel], the one with Steven Hawking, and he actually states the "out of nothing" line. But as yogi's quote expresses, the further back in time we speculate, the more our own puzzled faces look back. An idea may work mathmatically on paper, . . . and even up to a point in reality, but only so far before it begins to step across the line of "science fiction".

I personally believe that the idea of "the big bang" will take its place among myths. That may be a bold statement, but I make it anyway.

Updated to add: "time was not there before the big bang" . . . . at any time there is even a fraction of movement, time will always exist.
 
  • #16
OrionVTOL said:
Very good quote, yogi.

Actually, I am currently watching the NEW show [on the Discovery Channel], the one with Steven Hawking, and he actually states the "out of nothing" line. But as yogi's quote expresses, the further back in time we speculate, the more our own puzzled faces look back. An idea may work mathmatically on paper, . . . and even up to a point in reality, but only so far before it begins to step across the line of "science fiction".

I personally believe that the idea of "the big bang" will take its place among myths. That may be a bold statement, but I make it anyway.

Updated to add: "time was not there before the big bang" . . . . at any time there is even a fraction of movement, time will always exist.

If spacetime are a single entity, then time cannot exist alone as we experience it. If you reject BB/Inflationary cosmology, what is your alternative? M-Theory and Brane Cosmology? Other than simply betting on the future, what leads you to believe what you do?

I believe that the universe is fundamentally understandable, if not by us, but that is a human limitation, and has no effect on reality.
 
  • #17
DaveC426913 said:
What I'm curious about is how you determine what is "silly".

Do you have experience with Big Bang-like phenomena by which to compare the sensical and the nonsensical?

Are you looking around at other universe-creations that were much more mundane and non-silly such that this one stands out?
I recognize the 2009 PF Award for Best Humor.
Seriously, that was good.

marcus said:
Mathnomalous, be careful. I didn't watch this particular show but Discovery Channel is not known to be reliable. It may cause harm to your brain. :biggrin:
You must have missed this thread I started a while ago.
 
  • #18
Shalashaska said:
If spacetime are a single entity, then time cannot exist alone as we experience it. If you reject BB/Inflationary cosmology, what is your alternative? M-Theory and Brane Cosmology? Other than simply betting on the future, what leads you to believe what you do?

I believe that the universe is fundamentally understandable, if not by us, but that is a human limitation, and has no effect on reality.

I don't reject an inflation as redshift seems to suggest. I just don't believe that taking it "back in time to a 'singularity' and big bang" is something that I can see as a reality. What IS reality will be,. . . even if we never reach the technological level to determine it.

Oh, . . . just so you know, and because I am new on here, . . . . I do NOT hold to the idea of a "creator" making it all.
 
  • #19
OrionVTOL said:
I don't reject an inflation as redshift seems to suggest. I just don't believe that taking it "back in time to a 'singularity' and big bang" is something that I can see as a reality. What IS reality will be,. . . even if we never reach the technological level to determine it.

Oh, . . . just so you know, and because I am new on here, . . . . I do NOT hold to the idea of a "creator" making it all.

I'm not trying to "gotcha!" or anything like that. If you did believe in a creator, I don't assume that would interfere with your view of physics. Only fundamentalists seem to have that issue.

If I might, inflation and the CMB are a bit of a road map back to at least 380,000 years before some event began inflation. Beyond the impossibility of actually visualizing the universe in its entirety, or in a timeless singularity, what about the theory do you find hard to see as reality?
 
  • #20
The majority of my issue is with the singularity; the notion that all matter was within this point. I know that it is theorized that actual matter was formed afterwards, you still had to have enough of the building blocks for it.

Of course, I could be a bit confused from my 5 day fever.
 
  • #21
OrionVTOL said:
The majority of my issue is with the singularity; the notion that all matter was within this point. I know that it is theorized that actual matter was formed afterwards, you still had to have enough of the building blocks for it.

Of course, I could be a bit confused from my 5 day fever.

Ooooh, damn... 5 days? Please tell me you're keeping well hydrated and taking acetaminophen! Sorry either way, you must be feeling absolutely awful.

As for the issue of singularities, I see your point, and share that trepidation in regards to black holes as well. That doesn't seem confused to me.
 
  • #22
OrionVTOL said:
I don't reject an inflation as redshift seems to suggest. I just don't believe that taking it "back in time to a 'singularity' and big bang" is something that I can see as a reality.

Good, because that's not something that professional cosmologists do. Sure, you can track the evolution of the universe backwards and, naively, you obtain a singularity at some initial time. But this isn't taken to be something real or physical, rather it's just an indicator that our model (based on general relativity) breaks down at that point.
 
  • #23
Okay. That's good to know. It is a fascinating topic.

Shalashaska, thanks for your well wishing. It hasn't been a high fever, but it is still irritating. I thought I was over it, yesterday, but it is back again. It will pass.
 
  • #24
cristo said:
Good, because that's not something that professional cosmologists do. Sure, you can track the evolution of the universe backwards and, naively, you obtain a singularity at some initial time. But this isn't taken to be something real or physical, rather it's just an indicator that our model (based on general relativity) breaks down at that point.

Is it expected that a future theory can explain that point, or is it likely to be a fundamental block?
 
  • #25
IcedEcliptic said:
Is it expected that a future theory can explain that point, or is it likely to be a fundamental block?
It is expected that a full quantum theory of gravity should resolve the singularities of general relativity.
 
  • #26
Watching "How the Universe Works" with Steven Hawking and the program said that sometime following the big bang the universe was full of matter and anti-matter which, as they do, combined releasing a tremendous amount of energy and the universe that we now have is made from the 1 part per billion of "excess" matter.
I was wondering if the energy from the combination of matter and anti-matter could be enough to cause the initial expansion. It is hard to conceive of a billion times the mass of the universe in matter and a billion more in anti-matter and the amount of energy that would be produced is just too much for my old feeble head.
 
  • #27
bapowell said:
It is expected that a full quantum theory of gravity should resolve the singularities of general relativity.

Thank you bapowell.
 
  • #28
PaulS1950 said:
Watching "How the Universe Works" with Steven Hawking and the program said that sometime following the big bang the universe was full of matter and anti-matter which, as they do, combined releasing a tremendous amount of energy and the universe that we now have is made from the 1 part per billion of "excess" matter.
I was wondering if the energy from the combination of matter and anti-matter could be enough to cause the initial expansion. It is hard to conceive of a billion times the mass of the universe in matter and a billion more in anti-matter and the amount of energy that would be produced is just too much for my old feeble head.
The conversion of matter+antimatter to radiation doesn't produce energy -- it merely converts energy (in the form of matter and antimatter) to energy (in the form of photons).
 
  • #29
from nothing -> NOTHING.
 
  • #30
yoda jedi said:
from nothing -> NOTHING.

That seems like philosophy, not physics.
 
  • #31
bapowell said:
The conversion of matter+antimatter to radiation doesn't produce energy -- it merely converts energy (in the form of matter and antimatter) to energy (in the form of photons).

Uh, E=MC^2 comes to mind. The total transfer of matter into energy happens when a particle of matter meets its counter part of anti-matter. Is my understanding wrong?
 
  • #32
No. That's exactly my point. You are just converting matter/antimatter into energy via that relation. You can't create energy out of a matter/antimatter conversion. I thought that was what you were implying in your original message.
 
  • #33
I will have to be more careful of my syntax - or you could just cut this old man a bit of slack and understand what I mean instead of what I say... I will work on it.
 
  • #34
PaulS1950 said:
Watching "How the Universe Works" with Steven Hawking and the program said that sometime following the big bang the universe was full of matter and anti-matter which, as they do, combined releasing a tremendous amount of energy and the universe that we now have is made from the 1 part per billion of "excess" matter.
I was wondering if the energy from the combination of matter and anti-matter could be enough to cause the initial expansion. It is hard to conceive of a billion times the mass of the universe in matter and a billion more in anti-matter and the amount of energy that would be produced is just too much for my old feeble head.
Matter (and antimatter) formed quite late in the early universe, long, long after expansion. In the earliest epochs, the universe was far, far too hot for matter to exist at all.

In fact, you've got cause and effect backwards: matter was only able to condense from energy once the universe had expanded and cooled enough for it to do so.
 
  • #35
IcedEcliptic said:
That seems like philosophy, not physics.


Physics is rooted on Philosophy.
 
  • #36
yoda jedi said:
Physics is rooted on Philosophy.
Who cares? What does this have to do with the thread. Physics is an empirical science. Last I checked, philosophy is not.
 
  • #37
DaveC426913 said:
In the earliest epochs, the universe was far, far too hot for matter to exist at all.
This is quite misleading, or perhaps I'm misunderstanding you. Matter was indeed around in the earliest epochs -- the fundamental matter fields (electrons, quarks, etc) and the gauge fields were both in exist concurrently. Do you mean that it was only until the universe cooled sufficiently for matter/antimatter to fall out of equilibrium with the radiation?
 
  • #38
bapowell said:
This is quite misleading, or perhaps I'm misunderstanding you. Matter was indeed around in the earliest epochs -- the fundamental matter fields (electrons, quarks, etc) and the gauge fields were both in exist concurrently. Do you mean that it was only until the universe cooled sufficiently for matter/antimatter to fall out of equilibrium with the radiation?

Well, I could be wrong but I do believe that the inflationary epoch preceded the formation of, not just protons and neutrons, but also of electrons.
 
  • #39
If you have inflation, then when it ends and the universe reheats, you populate the universe with all relativistic species, both matter and gauge fields. Reheating after inflation is what we would normally call "hot big bang", and so both fields would exist at this early time. If we speculate earlier than this, as in, what created the inflaton, then I suppose it's possible that the inflaton was created and nothing else, but I can also imagine a standard big bang initial universe that creates everything plus inflaton, inflation happens, and viola.
 
  • #40
bapowell said:
If you have inflation, then when it ends and the universe reheats, you populate the universe with all relativistic species, both matter and gauge fields. Reheating after inflation is what we would normally call "hot big bang", and so both fields would exist at this early time. If we speculate earlier than this, as in, what created the inflaton, then I suppose it's possible that the inflaton was created and nothing else, but I can also imagine a standard big bang initial universe that creates everything plus inflaton, inflation happens, and viola.

OK, well I'm not sure if that's addressing me or something else.

Unless I misunderstand, the generally-accepted sequence of events is: inflation then creation of electrons then creation of protons and neutrons (sans a bunch of intervening steps).

The upshot is: there was no matter or antimatter before inflation, so their mutual annilhation could not be the cause for inflation.
 
  • #41
Right. The end of inflation is just the standard hot big bang. The thermal history of the universe begins at this time. I think we are in agreement here. I doubt think the OP was worrying about inflation -- he was just thinking standard expansion history, in which case, matter is there right at the beginning (at the end of inflation).

However, we don't know anything about what happened before inflation. Why do you suggest that there wasn't matter/antimatter? I think the OP was suggesting that the annihilation produced the big bang -- a bunch of energy gets released and drives the initial expansion. But you are absolutely right...you don't get inflation from radiation.
 
  • #42
bapowell said:
However, we don't know anything about what happened before inflation. Why do you suggest that there wasn't matter/antimatter? I think the OP was suggesting that the annihilation produced the big bang -- a bunch of energy gets released and drives the initial expansion. But you are absolutely right...you don't get inflation from radiation.

As I understand it, particles are represented in QFT by waves in flat space. So in curved spacetime, particles are not well defined. But every point locally is flat even in curved space. So I wonder if particles come into and out of existence as space curvature changes or as space expands. This would mean that particles share energy with spacetime, or that spacetime is just another type of particle interacting with rest of the particle zoo.

In that case, you can't say which came first because one is the alternate form of the other. So it might be legitimate to say that particle interactions with spacetime drove inflation. It might be that the curvature of space contains a form of potentional energy. This energy is converted back and forth between particles which quickly convert back into curvature. But as these virtual particle live longer and longer, they interact with each other, lose energy and are not so easily converted into curved spacetime. The result would be that space expands and becomes flat. This is a mechanism for particles to drive inflation.
 
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  • #43
friend said:
As I understand it, particles are represented in QFT by waves in flat space. So in curved spacetime, particles are not well defined. But every point locally is flat even in curved space. So I wonder if particles come into and out of existence as space curvature changes or as space expands. This would mean that particles share energy with spacetime, or that spacetime is just another type of particle interacting with rest of the particle zoo.
This is pretty accurate. In curved space, you are right that there is no longer a unique plane wave solution in general. The key scales which determine whether the particle concept is valid are: 1) the curvature scale of the space and 2) the Compton wavelength of the particle. When the Compton wavelength of the particle becomes larger than the curvature radius, the vacuum state of that particle becomes a multiparticle state -- particles are created. As you are probably aware, a concrete example of such 'curvature induced' particle creation is Hawking radiation. Here, particles are generated from the vacuum (recall the quantum vacuum has nonzero energy) and due to the existence of the event horizon of the black hole, 'part' of this energy is radiated away. In turn, the black hole shrinks a little. So, in a sense, there is an exchange of energy between curvature and particles.

In that case, you can't say which came first because one is the alternate form of the other.
This I don't quite understand. We can of course differentiate between energy stored in particles and energy stored in curvature on scales smaller than the curvature radius. In any case, energy (particles) produced by the gravitational field (such as in the Hawking effect) is tiny in comparison to 'legitimate' matter -- the stuff created by the big bang. More on this in a moment...

So it might be legitimate to say that particle interactions with spacetime drove inflation.
Perhaps. In order to get inflation, one must have a gravitational source with a negative pressure. Vacuum energy has this property, and is currently a popular way to implement inflation. However, actual particles (radiation or dust) do not cause inflationary expansion.

It might be that the curvature of space contains a form of potentional energy. This energy is converted back and forth between particles which quickly convert back into curvature. But as these virtual particle live longer and longer, they interact with each other, lose energy and are not so easily converted into curved spacetime. The result would be that space expands and becomes flat. This is a mechanism for particles to drive inflation.
This seems interesting but speculative. We have a good understanding of how to implement inflation using vacuum energy. This is a finite contribution to the stress energy tensor (source of gravity). During inflation, the curvature scale is set by the Hubble radius. Particle with wavelengths surpassing the Hubble radius are produced during inflation (in current literature, the term 'perturbation' is used in lieu of particle). These perturbations are exactly that -- perturbations -- in the sense that they are higher order contributions to the curvature (at lowest order, they don't couple at all -- and so they can't source curvature). The perturbations that are generated during inflation (which is driven by some nonperturbative source, like the vacuum energy discussed above), while they don't participate in driving inflation, they do have very important consequences for the later formation of structure in the universe.
 
  • #44
friend said:
In that case, you can't say which came first because one is the alternate form of the other. So it might be legitimate to say that particle interactions with spacetime drove inflation. It might be that the curvature of space contains a form of potentional energy. This energy is converted back and forth between particles which quickly convert back into curvature. But as these virtual particle live longer and longer, they interact with each other, lose energy and are not so easily converted into curved spacetime. The result would be that space expands and becomes flat. This is a mechanism for particles to drive inflation.

I certainly agree with this way of thinking. It is in fact exactly the kind of phase transition, local~global interaction, approach that I mentioned earlier when talking about vagueness as a model of initial conditions.

The symmetry in vagueness is a symmetry between atom and void, event and context, particle and field - local and global scale is all mixed in together and so "something" only vaguely exists. A self-organising system (like perhaps a universe) is a product of an interaction between bottom-up constructive actions and top-down constraints. And both are dissolved back into each other indistinguishably at the beginning of things.

Then as you say, the phase transition happens as local and global strike an asymmetry (via some fluctuation in the "field" of pure potential) and push against each other in some way.

So that is the general mechanism - and it is familiar from ising models of self-organisation, dipoles lining up in bar magnets, the phase transition of a scalar inflaton field even.

Now to the details of a model. My way of looking at it is to treat both virtual particles and vacuum as geometry - positive and negative forms of curvature. So the global curvature of the vacuum is hyperspheric - continuous or globally connected. This applies a top-down tension. A flattening force so to speak. The local curvature (that represented by virtual particles) would be instead hyperbolic. So at every point, there would instead be an attempt to diverge. Which would fuel an expansion.

As you say, the initial fluctuation would be hot and small, so both the local divergence and the global constraint would be very strong. Expansion would be swift - and also automatically flat, so no actual need for a separate inflation phase involving an inflaton field it would seem. Then as the system expands, both local divergence and global constraint would cool and weaken. At heat death, the universe would still be pushing and pulling on itself in bootstrap fashion, but it would now be a vanishingly weak interaction (here I like the Lineweaver/Davies model of residual blackbody radiation in a de sitter universe).

Of course, dark energy would have to be fitted into this model as a further factor. Though it could just be a measure of QM uncertainty in the expansion mechanism I suspect.

To sum up, the universe would bootstrap from two species of curvature in interaction - local hyperbolic divergence and globally flattening hyperspheric action. This is not a story that involves massive actual particles or gravity fields as yet, just raw global space and its equally raw "virtual particle" locations. When these two competing curvatures are still the same scale, they are in a state of vagueness or unbroken symmetry. And "hot" because they are in a state of maximum potential. Then as the symmetry breaks, together they dissipate their complementary positive and negative tensions to create a large flat and cold void. Inflationary events are not needed because this is a self-flatttening mechanism. It could be said that the universe is a phase transition, and we are observing that transition still going on from the inside.
 
  • #45
apeiron said:
Of course, dark energy would have to be fitted into this model as a further factor. Though it could just be a measure of QM uncertainty in the expansion mechanism I suspect.
Of course, you need a model first. If what you are saying somehow fits into general relativity or some other accepted gravity theory, then you'd do well to utilize such a theory to substantiate the claims you are making here. I have a hard time seeing how much of any of what you say fits into any accepted theory. If you are attempting to strike out in a new direction, I caution you to read the forum rules about overly speculative posts.
 
  • #46
bapowell said:
Of course, you need a model first. If what you are saying somehow fits into general relativity or some other accepted gravity theory, then you'd do well to utilize such a theory to substantiate the claims you are making here. I have a hard time seeing how much of any of what you say fits into any accepted theory. If you are attempting to strike out in a new direction, I caution you to read the forum rules about overly speculative posts.

Agreed, but which model comes first - the physics or the metaphysics?

However, yes, it is sound practice to take existing workable physics models and generalise from that sound basis. That is, relax their inherent constraints to achieve higher symmetry solutions. Which was, for example, how physics went from Newton to Einstein. And the next step now is to generalise in some fashion that "unites" GR and QM (and thermodynamics too!).

But what I am talking about here now is a specific method of generalisation. So it is not contra known physics but a systematic approach to generalisation that leads to more symmetric outcomes.

The big metaphysical difference in the line I'm taking is that a logic of vagueness seeks to generalise both the local and global scale of action. Standard reductionist logic seeks only to generalise the local scale because it views all causality as being micro-physics - events, particles, atoms. The global scale is traditionally treated as "the void", the big fat nothing which is an a-causal stage or backdrop. The global scale has no action and therefore can be left out of physical models as a factor to be generalised.

Of course this is a convenient fiction. Global causality intrudes even into microphysics-based descriptions of reality. In QM, you have nonlocality. GR is a holistic view in which spacetime (location and change) are an active constraint (the backdrop is fully dynamic and has the speed of light as a global limit on interaction). Even generally speaking, we consider the laws of physics to be a constraint on local action that exists "everywhere at all times".

So global causality is there in conventional models. But not explicitly as part of the fabric of the models.

A condensed matter physics approach to modelling is more used to explicitly representing global constraints. This is why solitions, spin networks, phase transitions, self-organising criticality and such-like are proving so useful in thinking about the fundamental issues of cosmology and physics.

So you have acceptance of a general program - physics moves backwards to the fundamental by the successive relaxation of constraints found in its current models. By achieving higher states of symmetry in its modelling.

And you also have domains of science with experience at granting causality to both the local and the global scale of a system. Domains where it is quite "logical" to speak of top-down constraint as well as bottom-up construction. Concrete models exist.

I am then linking these two things to the third thing which is the metaphysical tradition of logic based on the notion of vague beginnings, as opposed to crisp beginnings. This offers a way to fold both local and global scales of a system into an actual higher state of symmetry. Again, plenty of hard technical data here.

Even the actual suggestion that all can be modeled as pure curvature - both the local and global scales of existence - is in the spirit of Wheeler's classic pregeometry and geometrodynamics.

The difference again is that pre-geometry took the little atomistic fragments of spacetime to exist crisply first, then they became knit together to form a continuous flat spacetime vacuum. The vagueness approach treats all geometrical possibility as a QM foam which self-organises into its "atoms and void". You have the large and the small all mixed up as one (one higher symmetry state) at the beginning of things.

It is interesting that the likes of Smolin and Rovelli are beginning to namecheck CS Peirce and Anaximander - the two key thinkers when it comes to vagueness-based logic. So it is all stuff at least on the edge of the current radar. I just happened to have studied it in detail because of its application in systems science and neuroscience.
 
  • #47
bapowell said:
If you are attempting to strike out in a new direction, I caution you to read the forum rules about overly speculative posts.

Sorry, if you just meant the bit about dark energy was speculative rather than my whole post (:smile:) then I agree.

The position I was arguing would make inflation seem an unnecessary extra as we are talking about a basically self-flattening cosmological mechanism.

Dark energy also seems perhaps an unnecessary extra to a self-flattening mechanism. However, there is reasonable evidence that dark energy exists. And therefore, speculatively, I would not be surprised if a self-flattening universe (acting via top-down constraint to decohere its locales) hit a plankscale resolution issue. There would be an ineradicable degree of QM uncertainty or "geometric creep" in the flattening.

It would seem that this should be something that could be modeled in detail, and predictions made of the actual scale of the creep. But it is not really my field and I think I am safe to presume that any idea this obvious has already been explored anyway.
 
  • #48
bapowell said:
Who cares? What does this have to do with the thread. Physics is an empirical science. Last I checked, philosophy is not.


define nothing...
 
  • #49
yoda jedi said:
define nothing...
Why? Your post "from nothing -> NOTHING" has nothing to do with this thread (it does relate to the title of the thread, but if you read through it you'll find that it's not even remotely a theme). This is a physics forum. "from nothing -> NOTHING" is not physics. It's not a physicist's job to define "nothing". It's a philosopher's.
 
  • #50
bapowell said:
Why? Your post "from nothing -> NOTHING" has nothing to do with this thread (it does relate to the title of the thread, but if you read through it you'll find that it's not even remotely a theme). This is a physics forum. "from nothing -> NOTHING" is not physics. It's not a physicist's job to define "nothing". It's a philosopher's.


you have to read carefully...
Mr. Smart Aleck... ...lol...


Read
apeiron said:
It sounds like the standard idea that the material to start the big bang arose as a quantum fluctuation out of "nothing".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Tryon

Of course, quantum fluctuations would seem to have to arise out of some framework of existence. So not exactly nothing.
 
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