Differential equation partial fractions

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on solving the differential equation \(\frac{dx}{dt} = k(a-x)(b-x)\) using partial fractions. For the case where \(a \neq b\), the solution derived is \(x(t) = \frac{a - abe^{akt - bkt}}{1 - \frac{a}{b}e^{akt - bkt}}\). However, when \(a = b\), the initial approach leads to an undefined expression, indicating a need for a limit approach or a reevaluation of the integration method. The correct resolution requires returning to the original equation and adjusting the integration process for the case where \(a = b\).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential equations and their solutions
  • Familiarity with partial fraction decomposition
  • Knowledge of limits in calculus
  • Basic algebraic manipulation skills
NEXT STEPS
  • Review techniques for solving differential equations using partial fractions
  • Study the application of limits in calculus, particularly in the context of undefined expressions
  • Explore alternative methods for integrating differential equations with equal parameters
  • Practice solving differential equations with varying initial conditions and parameters
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Students and professionals in mathematics, particularly those studying differential equations, calculus, and algebra. This discussion is beneficial for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of partial fractions in the context of differential equations.

courtrigrad
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Given that [tex]\frac{dx}{dt} = k(a-x)(b-x)[/tex]:

(a) Assuming [tex]a \neq b[/tex], find [tex]x[/tex] as a function of [tex]t[/tex]. Use the fact that the initial concentration of [tex]C[/tex] is 0.
(b) Find [tex]x(t)[/tex] assuming that [tex]a = b[/tex]. How does this expression for [tex]x(t)[/tex] simplify if it is known that [tex][C] = \frac{a}{2}[/tex] after 20 seconds.

(a): So [tex]\frac{dx}{(a-x)(b-x)} = kdt[/tex]. After integrating by partial fractions and using the initial condition, I got [tex]x(t) = \frac{a-abe^{akt-bkt}}{1-\frac{a}{b}e^{akt-bkt}}[/tex].

(b). When I set [tex]a = b[/tex] I got an undefined expression, leading me to believe that part(a) is incorrect.

What did I do wrong?

Thanks
 
Last edited:
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You can't just set a=b, you have to take the limit. Alternatively, go back and integrate again with the knowledge that a=b. This will change how the partial fractions expansion goes.
 
If a= b the method you used to solve the equation assuming a [itex]\ne[/itex] b does not work. Go back to the original equation, set a= b, and solve again.
 

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