Does displacement current create a magnetic field? And Lorentz force?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the role of displacement current in creating magnetic fields and its relationship with the Lorentz force, particularly in the context of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves. Participants explore theoretical implications, definitions, and the application of Maxwell's equations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that displacement current does create a magnetic field, referencing its role in the transmission of radio waves.
  • Others express uncertainty about whether displacement current is present in the case of radio waves, indicating a lack of clarity on the concept.
  • One participant questions the applicability of the Lorentz force equation to displacement current, seeking clarification on what the force acts upon.
  • Some participants highlight that Maxwell's equations in free space include the displacement current term, which is essential for predicting electromagnetic radiation.
  • There is a contention regarding the interpretation of current, with some noting that traditional definitions involve the movement of charges, which are absent in a vacuum.
  • One participant argues that the Biot-Savart law does not apply to situations involving displacement current, as it is intended for magnetostatic conditions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express mixed views on the existence and implications of displacement current in various contexts. There is no clear consensus on whether it creates a magnetic field or how it relates to the Lorentz force.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference Maxwell's equations and the definitions of current and displacement current, indicating potential limitations in understanding and applying these concepts. The discussion reflects varying interpretations and assumptions regarding electromagnetic theory.

greypilgrim
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Hi.

Does displacement current create a magnetic field by Biot-Savart? I googled and found contradictory answers.

Also, in the presence of an external magnetic field, is it meaningful to calculate a Lorentz force acting on displacement current? What does the force actually act on then?
 
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greypilgrim said:
Does displacement current create a magnetic field
Yes. This is how radio waves can get from here to Jupiter.
It's also how a B-field antenna could receive that signal.
 
I don't know what I was thinking when I asked the first question (it's right there in Ampère's law).

And what about ##\vec{F}=I\cdot\vec{l}\times\vec{B}##? Can ##I## here be a displacement current?
 
DaveE said:
Yes. This is how radio waves can get from here to Jupiter.
It's also how a B-field antenna could receive that signal.
I am not certain in my own mind if a displacement current is flowing in the case of a radio wave.
 
tech99 said:
I am not certain in my own mind if a displacement current is flowing in the case of a radio wave.
Yea, I get it. Me too. I've never really, really grokked displacement current. But it does have a changing E-Field in free space, just like the middle of a vacuum capacitor.

edit: I think you're right. Maxwells equations in free space don't include any current terms. It's about the separation of "bound" charges, I guess.
 
Last edited:
greypilgrim said:
I googled and found contradictory answers.
Where? Please give references.
 
tech99 said:
I am not certain in my own mind if a displacement current is flowing in the case of a radio wave.
It has to be. In fact, historically, it was Maxwell adding the displacement current to his equations that made it possible for those equations to predict electromagnetic radiation in vacuum.

The relevant Maxwell Equations are (omitting constants that depend on your choice of units):

$$
\nabla \times E = - dB / dt
$$

$$
\nabla \times B = J + dE / dt
$$

In vacuum ##J = 0## and these two equations can be used to derive a pair of wave equations that describe EM radiation in vacuum--but only if we include the displacement current ##dE / dt## in the second equation.
 
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DaveE said:
Maxwells equations in free space don't include any current terms.
No ##J##, yes. But they do include the ##dE / dt## term, which is the displacement current.

DaveE said:
It's about the separation of "bound" charges, I guess.
Not in free space. In free space there are no charges.
 
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I would have thought that a current is the movement of charges. There are no charges in a vacuum.
 
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tech99 said:
I would have thought that a current is the movement of charges.
The term "current" has multiple meanings. Usually it refers to the ##J## in the second equation I wrote down. But the term "displacement current" refers to the ##dE / dt## term in that equation, which, as I have already explained, must be present for EM radiation in vacuum.
 
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  • #11
greypilgrim said:
Does displacement current create a magnetic field by Biot-Savart?
No. The Biot-Savart law is for magnetostatic situations. So it assumes that there is no displacement current.
 
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