Effective Spring Constant for Three Masses and Four Springs

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SUMMARY

The effective spring constant for a system of three identical masses and four identical springs, where the two outer masses are displaced equally inward, is calculated to be 4k. This conclusion is reached by analyzing the forces acting on the outer masses, which experience a net force of -2kx. The middle mass remains stationary, allowing the system to behave as if it consists of a single mass of 2m connected to two springs with spring constant k. The oscillation frequency is determined by the formula T = 2π√(m/2k), confirming that the effective spring constant is indeed 4k.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hooke's Law and spring constants
  • Familiarity with oscillatory motion and period calculations
  • Knowledge of force balance in mechanical systems
  • Basic principles of center of mass in multi-body systems
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of effective spring constants in series and parallel spring systems
  • Learn about oscillation frequency calculations for coupled oscillators
  • Explore the concept of center of mass and its implications in mechanical systems
  • Investigate the effects of damping on oscillatory systems
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Physics students, mechanical engineers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of oscillatory systems and spring mechanics.

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3 identical masses and four identical springs are set up as shown (m=mass ~=spring |=fixed point)
|~m~m~m~|

the two outside masses are displaced equally inwards. What is the effective spring constant of this system.

attempt at solution:

using FBDs F=-2kx on each individual outside mass
middle mass is stationary at all times, since the two inside springs will cancel each other out, so it acts as if T= 2pi rad(m/2k) (as if it were just |~m~|), but you double the mass for the system (only 2m is moving), but keep the period the same so keff = 4k

i'm not sure how correct this is, or whether the assumptions i made are even correct. This is how a classmate explained it to me, i personally left it as 2k since i couldn't logically justify making it 2m in the period equation since the system didn't follow the standard oscillation I'm used to.

i probably should stic a question here as well, lol

is this correct? It sounds as if I'm missing something, or that using period is the wrong approach to the problem.
 
Last edited:
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The center of mass of the three masses is at the middle mass. If the outside masses are displaced by equal amounts inwards and then released, the center of mass will stay where it is, i.e. the middle mass will be at rest while the other two masses move back and forth mirroring each other. For all they care, the middle mass could be an immovable wall. The frequency of oscillations will be that of mass ##m## connected on either side to immovable walls by two identical springs of constant ##k##. What is that frequency?
 

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