Electromagnetic Absorption in the Ocean

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the challenges of electromagnetic (EM) communication with underwater vessels, particularly in the context of recent rescue operations. Participants explore the absorption of different wavelengths in ocean depths, the limitations of GPS, and alternative navigation methods, as well as the practicality of rescuing submarines from significant depths.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how EM communication is affected by depth, noting that all parts of the EM spectrum may be absorbed at extreme depths, making GPS communication impossible.
  • Another participant states that attenuation length is proportional to wavelength, suggesting that lower frequencies may be more effective for communication at greater depths, but this comes at the cost of reduced data transmission rates.
  • Some participants clarify that GPS does not function for submerged vessels, emphasizing that other navigation methods exist and have been used historically.
  • Concerns are raised about the feasibility of rescuing submarines from deep waters, with references to historical cases and the challenges posed by depth and location.
  • One participant argues that EM communication is ineffective underwater, proposing that scanning sonar is a more viable method for locating lost submarines.
  • There is mention of the limitations of scanning sonar, particularly regarding the resolution capabilities of submarines like the Seawolf class when searching at significant depths.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the effectiveness of EM communication underwater, with some agreeing on its limitations while others emphasize alternative methods. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best approaches for locating submerged vessels and the practicalities of rescue operations.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the dependence on specific conditions such as depth and the type of navigation technology available, as well as the unresolved nature of sonar resolution capabilities in deep water scenarios.

RobbyQ
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The recent rescue operation of a sub in the ocean made me wonder how difficult it is to communicate with underwater vessels. Is it that all parts of the EM spectrum gets absorbed at extreme depths that things like GPS is not possible. I wondered what wavelengths of the spectrum were absorbed first eg at a certain depth all visible must be absorbed as the the sub is in complete darkness.
 
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The attenuation length is proportional to wavelength - i.e. 1 wavelength down you are down a factor of x, two wavelengths down x2 and so on. So you want to go to very low frequencies.

Unfortionately, the maximum data transmission rate is proportional to frequency. So the deeper you go, the less communication you have with the outside world.

GPS odes not work on submerged vessels. There are other navigation methods. (And people were able to suvvessfully navigate ships before GPS - honest!)
 
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Vanadium 50 said:
GPS odes not work on submerged vessels. There are other navigation methods. (And people were able to suvvessfully navigate ships before GPS - honest!)
Thanks for the clarification. I was thinking more about GPS position being relayed to the outside world (not so much their own navigation) in terms of the rescuers being able to locate them. But I see this isn't possible from your information.
 
"Rescuing" a disabled submarine is more Hollywood than reality. It's happened a handful of times, like the USS Squalus. This was in the 30's and amazingly more than half the crew survived.

If this is about the Titanic submersible, the problem isn't that we don't know where it is. The problem is that we know where it is. It's in 2-1/2 miles of water. Now what do we do? Can you swim 2-1/2 miles? On one breath?
 
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Vanadium 50 said:
"Rescuing" a disabled submarine is more Hollywood than reality. It's happened a handful of times, like the USS Squalus. This was in the 30's and amazingly more than half the crew survived.

If this is about the Titanic submersible, the problem isn't that we don't know where it is. The problem is that we know where it is. It's in 2-1/2 miles of water. Now what do we do? Can you swim 2-1/2 miles? On one breath?
Not suggesting anyone could swim to that depth or any Hollywood connotations. And it's not just the depth it's the area. Let's stick to the original question about locating it and EM degradation.
 
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RobbyQ said:
Let's stick to the original question about locating it and EM degradation.
EM is useless underwater, so scanning sonar is the best bet for finding the lost sub. If there were an attack sub in the area, they could likely search the bottom with their scanning sonar, although I have no idea what kind of resolution they might have with that system. The Seawolf class subs would be able to go down to 490m max, so that's still a long way from the bottom. I also don't know how good their scanning sonar resolution is when looking way down below the sub like that.

 
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