# Energy of magnetic field created by magnetic dipoles in a shphere.

Dear everyone,

I am researching genetic algorithms and at the moment I am trying to solve a problem how would magnetic particles (dipoles) orient themselves in a thin hollow sphere.

Suppose that I have N magnetic dipoles placed in the sphere. There is no external magnetic field. The dipoles create their own magnetic field, thus the system has some magnetic energy. I am writing a genetic algorithm to minimize this energy.
I did the problem in 2 dimensions (on a plane) already, and it worked perfectly!

The problem is that I am not sure how to calculate the magnetic field energy created by dipoles in 3 dimensions.

The formula for calculating magnetic field created by one dipole with magnetic moment $$\vec{m}$$ at point $$\vec{r}$$ in SI system is:
$$\vec{B}(\vec{r}) = \frac{\mu_{0}}{4\pi}(\frac{3(\vec{m}\hat{r}) - \vec{m}}{r^{3}})$$

To find the energy, I just sum over all dipole moments $$\vec{m}$$ and multiply by $$\vec{B}$$ created by others (with minus sign).

In 2D I set the problem so that all the dipoles had $$\vec{m}$$ and $$\vec{r}$$ perpendicular, that is $$\vec{m}\vec{r} = 0$$ (magnetic dipole moment $$\vec{m}$$ was perpendicular to the 2d plane the dipoles were on).

In 3D I have the $$\vec{m}\vec{r}$$ term, which I am not sure how to calculate.

Any advice how to calculate this term to find energy in 3 dimensions?

Sincerely,
Stan

You can define orientation of each magnetic dipole moment with two angles in spherical coordinates (theta,fi). Then you transform this vector into cartesian coordinates:

mx=m*sin(theta)*cos(fi)
my=m*sin(theta)*sin(fi)
mz=m*cos(theta)

And the product of r and m is:

mx*x+my*y+mz*z

where (x,y,z) is a vector from the source dipole to the second dipole.