daphnelee-mh said:
The equilibrium of a sparingly soluble ionic compound refers to the state at which the rate of dissolution of the compound is equal to the rate of precipitation, resulting in a constant concentration of ions in the solution.
The equilibrium of a sparingly soluble ionic compound is typically affected by temperature in the same way as a typical chemical equilibrium. An increase in temperature can increase the solubility of the compound, while a decrease in temperature can decrease the solubility.
The solubility product constant (Ksp) is a measure of the maximum amount of a sparingly soluble ionic compound that can dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature. The equilibrium of the compound is determined by comparing the actual concentration of ions in the solution to the Ksp value.
Common ion effects occur when a solution already contains one of the ions in the sparingly soluble ionic compound, resulting in a decrease in the solubility of the compound. This can shift the equilibrium to favor the precipitation of the compound, reducing its solubility.
The equilibrium of a sparingly soluble ionic compound can be altered or shifted by changing the temperature, concentration of ions in the solution, or by adding a common ion. It can also be shifted by changing the pH of the solution, as some compounds may be more soluble in acidic or basic conditions.
