Evidence that light is a transverse wave?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the evidence supporting the theory that light is a transverse wave, highlighting key experiments and historical context. The use of two polaroids, where one is rotated relative to the other, serves as a primary example of this phenomenon. Additionally, birefringence observed in natural crystals such as calcite provides further evidence, predating the invention of polaroids and Maxwell's equations. The first polarizing devices, known as Nichol prisms, were developed from these natural crystals in the 17th century.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Maxwell's equations
  • Knowledge of wave equations
  • Familiarity with optical phenomena such as birefringence
  • Basic concepts of polarization and polarizing devices
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the historical development of Nichol prisms and their applications
  • Explore the mathematical derivation of wave equations from Maxwell's equations
  • Investigate the properties of birefringent materials and their uses in optics
  • Learn about modern polarizing technologies and their implications in various fields
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, optical engineers, and students studying wave optics will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in the historical and theoretical aspects of light polarization.

deepthishan
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I read that one of the evidence was the experiment done with two polaroids (where one is rotated relative to another).

Can you give me others please?

Thanks!
 
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Mathematically: you can manipulate Maxwell's equations. When you do it, you end up with a wave equation which has electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and with their direction of propagation.
 
I understand that the the question is about original evidence.
One hint about transverse polarization of light was the birefringence observed in some natural crystals (calcite). There were no polaroids at that time. And neither Maxwell's equations.
Actually the first polarizing devices were made from these natural crystals (Nichol prisms).
The first reports of this phenomena date from the 17th century, I think.
 

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