For example, non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics--the kind usually taken as the starting point for theoretical developments in condensed matter physics... this contains non-local terms in the hamiltonian wherein creation and annihilation operators at different points in space multiply each other.
In any local action you have operators all evaluated at the same spacetime point (and integrated over that spacetime location), but if the operators were not evaluate at the same point the theory would not be non-local... normally one would need some kind of function connecting the operators (all spacetime points being integrate over), e.g., the coulomb potential in condensed matter physics