Expressing surface charge density as volume charge density

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the conversion of surface charge density to volume charge density in different coordinate systems, specifically cylindrical and spherical coordinates. The user successfully derived the volume charge density in cylindrical coordinates as $$\rho=\frac{Q}{\pi R^2} \delta (z) U(R-r)$$. The confusion arises when transitioning to spherical coordinates, where the inclusion of a scale factor corresponding to the radius in the Dirac delta function is debated. The correct formulation in spherical coordinates is $$\rho=A \frac {\delta (\theta-\pi/2)}{r} U(R-r)$$, which ensures the physical dimensions align with surface charge density.

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Mictlantecuhtli
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I'm working on this: When I consider a disc with radius ##a## and total charge ##Q## uniformly distributed (placed in the XY plane and centered at the origin) and determine the volume charge density in cylindrical coordinates, I have assumed is of the form ##\rho=A \delta (z) U(R-r)##, (##U## is the unit step function) and obtained just what I expected $$\rho=\frac{Q}{\pi R^2} \delta (z) U(R-r)$$
The problem arise when I try to solve this problem in spherical coordinates because my first assumption was ##\rho=A \delta (\theta-\pi/2) U(R-r)## (note that here ##r## is not the same as in the previous paragraph) but some people include the scale factor corresponding to each variable appearing in each Dirac delta; in this case $$\rho=A \frac {\delta (\theta-\pi/2)}{r} U(R-r)$$
What's the reason for including such factor? Is there any mathematical result that support this?
 
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If you do not include the r you do not get a uniform charge distribution. Also note that ##\delta(\theta-\pi/2)## would not have the correct physical dimension for ##A## to be a surface charge density.
 
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Orodruin said:
If you do not include the r you do not get a uniform charge distribution. Also note that ##\delta(\theta-\pi/2)## would not have the correct physical dimension for ##A## to be a surface charge density.
That's what makes me confused. If I include the scale factor ##r## I get ##\rho\propto 1/r ##, how could it be a uniform charge distribution if density decreases as radius increases?
 
Mictlantecuhtli said:
That's what makes me confused. If I include the scale factor ##r## I get ##\rho\propto 1/r ##, how could it be a uniform charge distribution if density decreases as radius increases?
No you don't. If you do not include it you get a density that increases with radius and has the wrong dimensions. I suggest you check it by integrating over a small volume containing an area element.
 
Note that ##\delta(z) = \delta(r\cos(\theta)) = \delta(\cos(\theta))/r = \delta(\theta-\pi/2)/r##.
 
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Finally I can see it, the last relation is so clear... Thanks a lot.
 

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