Fermi energy for two spin states equal in equilibrium?

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SUMMARY

In thermal equilibrium, the Fermi energy for conduction electrons with parallel and antiparallel spin states in a magnetic field must be equal. This is due to the principle that if the Fermi energies differ, electrons in the higher energy spin state would spontaneously transition to the lower energy state, thereby increasing the system's entropy. The argument presented confirms that at equilibrium, the Fermi energies must balance to maintain the lowest energy configuration for the system.

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  • Understanding of Fermi energy and its significance in solid-state physics.
  • Knowledge of spin states and their implications in magnetic fields.
  • Familiarity with the concept of thermal equilibrium in physical systems.
  • Basic principles of entropy and energy states in thermodynamics.
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  • Study the concept of Fermi energy in greater detail, focusing on its role in electron behavior.
  • Explore the effects of magnetic fields on electron spin states and energy levels.
  • Learn about the principles of thermal equilibrium and how they apply to quantum systems.
  • Investigate the relationship between entropy and energy transitions in physical systems.
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Students and researchers in condensed matter physics, particularly those studying electron behavior in magnetic fields and the principles of thermal equilibrium.

lampCable
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Homework Statement


Let's consider conduction electrons (at T=0K) that are put in a magnetic field. The electrons can have spin that is parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field. Below is the density of occupied states for such a system (horizontally) as a function of energy (vertically), similar to a figure shown in my textbook.

fermishift.png


My textbook claims that, in thermal equilibrium, the Fermi energy for both spin states must be equal, but I do not fully understand why this is the case. I think it has to do with the system being in its lowest energy state, and I reason as follows:

The Fermi energy is the energy required to add another electron to the given spin state. So if the Fermi energies are not equal then some electrons in one of the spin states would have energy greater than the Fermi energy of the other spin state. These electrons would spontaneously change spin state because it would lower the energy in the system, thus increasing the total entropy. As more electrons change spin state the Fermi energies are "evened out", so at equilibrium the Fermi energies must be equal.

Is this a correct interpretation as to why the Fermi energies are equal?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

 
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I think your argument is good.:thumbup:
 
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