Field Effect Transistor - High Input Impedance

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the reasons behind the high input impedance of Field Effect Transistors (FETs), including specific considerations for MOSFETs and JFETs. Participants explore the mechanisms contributing to this characteristic and compare it to bipolar transistors.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that the high input impedance of FETs is due to the reverse voltage applied at the gate, which reverse-biases the P-N junction.
  • Another participant explains that in MOSFETs, the high impedance arises from the isolation layer (SiO2) between the gate and channel, resulting in minimal leakage current compared to bipolar transistors.
  • A participant questions the input impedance of JFETs, noting the absence of an insulating layer between the gate and channel.
  • It is mentioned that JFETs utilize a narrow piece of high resistivity semiconductor material to form the channel, with doping affecting current flow.
  • Another participant clarifies that JFETs have a reverse-biased diode between the gate and channel, allowing only small leakage current to flow into the gate, which is still lower than the base current in BJTs.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the mechanisms contributing to the high input impedance of JFETs compared to MOSFETs, indicating that multiple competing explanations exist without a clear consensus.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the operation of FETs and the comparison to BJTs are not fully explored, and the discussion does not resolve the nuances of input impedance across different FET types.

AnonymousPT
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I know FET offers a very high input impedance..but what's the reason behind it? Is it due to the reverse voltage applied at gate with respect to the source which makes the P-N junction reversed biased? If that the case, what happens when there is no voltage applied at gate?
 
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The very high impedance is caused by the isolation layer between gate and channel. For the case of a MOSFET it is made of SiO2 (resistance 1016 Ω m). So, because of this, applying a voltage to the gate gives a small current - leakage current. If you compare to a normal bipolar transistor, this needs considerably more current to its collector - depending on the application, in order to operate and this implies some bigger current on its base too.
 
What about JFET? There is no such insulating layer between the gate and the channel.. Then?
 
JFETs have a narrow piece of high resistivity semiconductor material. Thus, a channel is formed ( N-type or P-type Si), through which there is flow of majority carriers. The channel is doped with donor impurities for N-Channel JFETs (negative current flow) or acceptor impurities for P-Channel (positive current flow).
 
AnonymousPT said:
What about JFET? There is no such insulating layer between the gate and the channel.. Then?

There is a reverse-biased diode between the gate and the channel in a JFET. So the only current that flows into the gate is the diode reverse leakage current, which is very small. The gate current is not as low as a MOSFET, but it is much lower than the base current in a BJT.
 

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