Well, a good start is to write
[tex]\left[\begin{array}{cc}a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc}1 & 0 \\ -1 & -1\end{array}\right]= \left[\begin{array}{cc}-1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array}\right][/tex]
Multiply them out and get 4 equations relating a11, a12, a21, and a22. Are those equations independent? If not how many "independent" variables do you have (in other words, how many must you know in order to be able to calculate the others?).