Find the angular acceleration of two reflectors attached to a rod

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the angular acceleration (α) of two reflectors attached to a rod using principles of momentum transfer and rotational motion. The correct formula derived is α = E_max^2*A/4mL^2μc^2, where E_max is the maximum electric field, A is the area, m is the mass, L is the length, and μ is the permeability. Errors identified include misapplication of the parallel axis theorem and incorrect length assumptions, specifically using L=1.00m instead of L=0.50m. The torque (τ) should be calculated as τ = FL, where F is the force and L is the distance from the axis of rotation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of momentum transfer in physics
  • Familiarity with the Poynting vector and intensity calculations
  • Knowledge of rotational dynamics, including torque and angular acceleration
  • Basic grasp of the parallel axis theorem in moment of inertia calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Poynting vector and its applications in physics
  • Learn about torque calculations and their significance in rotational motion
  • Explore the parallel axis theorem and its implications for moment of inertia
  • Investigate the relationship between electric fields and momentum transfer in electromagnetic contexts
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, particularly those focusing on rotational dynamics and electromagnetic theory, will benefit from this discussion. It is also relevant for educators seeking to clarify common misconceptions in these areas.

Shipnutz
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Homework Statement
Two square reflectors, each 1.00 cm on a side and of mass 5.00 g, are located at opposite ends of a thin, extremely light, 1.00 m rod that can rotate without friction and in a vacuum about an axle perpendicular to it through its center (Figure 1). These reflectors are small enough to be treated as point masses in moment-of-inertia calculations. Both reflectors are illuminated on one face by a sinusoidal light wave having an electric field of amplitude 1.35 N/C that falls uniformly on both surfaces and always strikes them perpendicular to the plane of their surfaces. One reflector is covered with a perfectly absorbing coating, and the other is covered with a perfectly reflecting coating.
Relevant Equations
1/A dp/dt = S/c = BE/μc
F = dp/dt
F = τ = I α
ρ_rad = 2I/c (Perfect reflector)
ρ_rad = I/c (Perfectly absorbed)
(Intensity) = E_max^2/2μc
(inertia) = mL^2
Okay so I actually have the answer because my teacher basically just gave it to me, but I would really like to know why I was even wrong in the first place. Here's my steps:

1. Knowing the momentum transfer per unit area is described by: 1/A dp/dt = S/c. I can begin by relating some known classical quantities to describe the rotational motion.

2. Taking the average of the Poynting vector gives me S_av = (Intensity). Acknowledging that the reflected surface momentum is traveling from +p to -p, and the absorbed surface from +p to 0 , which I can then take the difference of 2p - p = p. Therefore, I can use 1/A dp/dt for the left side of my equation. From there I can replace S on the right side with (Intensity), then substitute (Intensity) in with E_max^2/2μc, which gives me:

1/A dp/dt = E_max^2/2μc^2

3. Realizing that dp/dt = F and F = τ = (Inertia)α, I can substitute dp/dt with (Inertia)α, giving me 1/A(Inertia)α = E_max^2/2μc^2

4. Now, according to the parallel axis theorem, I_p = I_cm + mL^2, but because the rod has a negligible mass I just need to use ∑mL^2 = mL^2 + mL^2 for both reflecting plates. This yields (Inertia) = 2mL^2.

5. So now I can substitute the inertia in and solve for α:

1/A (2mL^2)α = E_max^2/2μc^2
α = E_max^2*A/4mL^2μc^2

When I solved it this way I was off by a factor of two, and I'm not sure why. Any clarification would be greatly appreciated.
 
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Can’t follow your working easily and you haven’t given the value you were expecting. However, note the following:
Shipnutz said:
3. Realizing that dp/dt = F and F = τ = (Inertia)α, I can substitute dp/dt with (Inertia)α, giving me 1/A(Inertia)α = E_max^2/2μc^2
No. Torque τ = FL (because torque = force x distance and you have used ‘L’ to mean the rod’s half-length).

It’s possible you have made two errors: missing ‘L’ as noted above and using L=1.00m instead of L=0.50m in your calculation.

Also, it's worth noting that you said:
“Now, according to the parallel axis theorem, I_p = I_cm + mL^2”
It's nothing to do with the parallel axis theorem. Each point mass is a distance L from the axis, so the total moment of inertia is I = 2mL².
 

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