Finding Where F is concave up/down using the graph of the first derivative

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To determine where the function f is concave up or down using the graph of its first derivative f', one must analyze the intervals where f' is increasing or decreasing. The function f is concave up when the second derivative f'' is greater than zero, indicating that f' is increasing. Conversely, f is concave down when f'' is less than zero, meaning that f' is decreasing. The local maxima and minima of f occur at points where f' changes sign, specifically at x = 2 (local minimum) and x = 4 (local maximum). Understanding these relationships allows for accurate identification of concavity based on the behavior of f'.
Econometricia
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1. I need to find where the graph of f is CU or CD given the graph of f ' .



2. So far I have found that F inc. on (2,4) and (6,9). F has a local max at 4. F has a local min at 2 and 6.
 
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When f' is increasing, i.e. when f''>0, f is concave up, and conversely.
 
you have to find f '' then you can judge concavity
if f'' is bigger than 0 then it's concave up if f'' is smaller than 0 than it is concave down
 
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Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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