Fluid Dynamic Torque [in symbols]

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around determining the torque required to rotate a conical bearing in a lubricating Newtonian fluid, focusing on the relationship between angular velocity, shear rate, and the geometry of the cone. The scope includes theoretical and mathematical reasoning related to fluid dynamics and torque calculations.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses uncertainty about how to start the problem, mentioning the use of trigonometry to relate the radius and height of the cone.
  • Another participant introduces variables such as z (distance from the vertex of the cone) and questions the radius at that location in terms of the angle θ.
  • A participant confirms that the velocity is given by the expression ωr, leading to the formulation ωztanθ for the velocity at height z.
  • There is a mention of the final answer involving sinθ due to the use of the cone's thickness instead of height, indicating some confusion about the reasoning behind this.
  • Further clarification is provided regarding the horizontal spacing between the cone and the stator, leading to a derived expression for the shear rate.
  • A participant asks for the shear stress τ(z) and the torque on a specific increment of the cone surface.
  • One participant suggests that the problem could be approached more precisely using spherical coordinates.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding and confusion regarding the relationships and calculations involved. No consensus is reached on the reasoning behind certain expressions or the best approach to the problem.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the dependence on geometric relationships and the assumptions made about the fluid's behavior, but these aspects remain unresolved.

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Homework Statement


The conical bearing is placed in a lubricating Newtonian fluid having a viscosity μ.
Determine the torque T required to rotate the bearing with a constant angular velocity of ω. Assume the velocity profile along the thickness t of the fluid is linear.

Homework Equations


v=ωr
τ=μ(dy/dt)

The Attempt at a Solution


So our professor was in the middle of a problem like this before running out of time and abandoning it . . . so I'm not really sure where to start. I know trig is used to find a relationship between R and H, but setting up the integral and actually integrating . . . I'm lost . . .
 

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Let z represent the distance measured upward from the vertex of the cone. What is the radius at location z in terms of θ? What is the relative velocity between the cone and the stator surface at location z? If the spacing in the figure is t, what is the horizontal spacing between the cone surface and the stator surface in terms of θ? What is the shear rate at location z?

Chet
 
r=ztanθ

Isn't velocity ωr? So ωztanθ?

I don't really understand that last points you made, but so far is this correct? I know the final answer has a sinθ in it, and it's because the thickness of the cone is used instead of height. But the reasoning behind the confuses me too . . .
 
Bluestribute said:
r=ztanθ

Isn't velocity ωr? So ωztanθ?

I don't really understand that last points you made, but so far is this correct?
Yes.
I know the final answer has a sinθ in it, and it's because the thickness of the cone is used instead of height. But the reasoning behind the confuses me too . . .
The horizontal spacing between the cone and the stator is t/cosθ=tsecθ, so the shear rate is:
$$δ=z\frac{ω\tanθ}{t\secθ}=z\frac{ω\sinθ}{t}$$
What is the shear stress τ(z)?
What is the torque on the increment of cone surface between z and z + dz?

Chet
 
Incidentally, this can be done more precisely if we use spherical coordinates.

Chet
 

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