Gauche effect in 2-fluoroethanol

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the stability of the gauche conformation in 2-fluoroethanol and 1,2-difluoroethanol, which contradicts the general principle that anti conformations are more stable. It is established that intramolecular hydrogen bonding is not the reason for this stability, as noted in March's Advanced Organic Chemistry. Instead, the stability arises from hyperconjugation, where the CH and CF bonds align in an anti-position, allowing for resonance structures such as H+ C=C F-. This alignment is crucial for understanding the gauche effect in these compounds.

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Generally, anti confirmation is more stable. But in case of 2-fluoro ethanol and 1,2-difluoroethanol the gauche confirmation is more stable.

It's given in March's advanced organic chemistry book that intramolecular Hydrogen bonding is not the correct reason for the stability. Wikipedia explains it using hyperconjugation, but I am not able to understand it. What is the actual reason for gauche effect?
 
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In the gauche conformation, the CH and CF bonds are in anti-position. Hence you can draw a resonance structure H+ C=C F-. This is only possible if the two atoms are not perpendicular to the pi bonding plane.
 

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