Graph theory (matchings/connectivity)

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on advanced concepts in graph theory, specifically matchings and connectivity in regular graphs. The user seeks assistance with proving the existence of perfect matchings in various graph scenarios, including (2k + 1)-regular graphs and k-regular graphs with specific properties related to odd cycles. Key theorems referenced include Tutte's theorem, which is crucial for understanding the conditions under which perfect matchings exist.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of graph theory fundamentals, including vertices, edges, and degrees.
  • Familiarity with regular graphs, specifically (2k + 1)-regular and k-regular graphs.
  • Knowledge of perfect matchings and their significance in graph connectivity.
  • Comprehension of Tutte's theorem and its application in proving matchings in graphs.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the proof of Tutte's theorem in detail to understand its implications for perfect matchings.
  • Explore the properties of regular graphs and their matchings, focusing on (2k + 1)-regular graphs.
  • Investigate the role of odd cycles in graph connectivity and their impact on matchings.
  • Learn about maximum matchings and their calculation in simple graphs with degree constraints.
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in mathematics, particularly those specializing in graph theory, as well as anyone involved in algorithm design related to network connectivity and matchings.

roadrunner
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So my course is just getting further and further above my head. I got most of them but I'm stuck on these 3 and have no idea how to start them.

This is due friday so hopefully I can get input before that! :)




1) Let G be a (2k + 1)-regular graph, and assume that G - S is still connected
for any set S of edges with |S| < 2k. Prove that G has a perfect matching.


I know that there must be even number of vertices

I know that G-S means that every vertice is still guaranteed to have at least degree 2 (since it starts with degree 2k+1 and if all all of the edges is S were connected to a vertice then it will have 2k-1 less. )

But I don't know where to go from there or if that is even helpful?!


5) Let G be a simple graph with no isolated vertex. Assuming every vertex of G
has degree < d, show that a'(G) >= V (G)/(d + 1).

a' is the size of the maximum matching

12) Let G be a k-regular graph with an even number of vertices, and assume that
for any two odd cycles C1,C2 in G either V (C1) union V (C2) does not equal null ;, or there is an edge with one
end in V (C1) and the other in V (C2). Prove that G has a perfect matching. (Hint: suppose
for a contradiction that this is false, and choose a set X in V (G) of so that odd(G-X)>-|X|
is maximum and subject to this X is as large as possible, as in the proof of Tutte's theorem).
 
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SO i figured out 1)

just stuck on last 2 :(
 

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