H-Bridge - diodes (or rather the lack of)

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the design of an H-bridge circuit, specifically focusing on the absence of protective diodes for the transistors used in the circuit. Participants explore the implications of this design choice, considering both bipolar and MOSFET transistors, and share insights about the longevity of the circuit despite the lack of diodes.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes the absence of diodes in an H-bridge from an old motorized toy and expresses surprise that it has functioned for years without failure.
  • Another participant questions the type of transistors used and mentions that some bipolar transistor H-bridges can operate without diodes, although it is unexpected.
  • It is clarified that the transistors in question are H772 and H882, which are identified as standard NPN and PNP types.
  • One participant suggests that while some MOSFETs have built-in diodes, not all do, and emphasizes the need for caution regarding the specific types used.
  • Another participant expresses skepticism about the "standard" nature of the transistors and requests datasheets for verification.
  • Datasheets for the H772 and H882 transistors are provided, along with a note that they appear to be from a lesser-known Chinese manufacturer.
  • A suggestion is made to add diodes across the transistors for added protection, with a preference for using 1N4001 series diodes over 1N4148 for robustness.
  • One participant comments on the potential for the circuit to function despite the lack of diodes, attributing it to a "sloppy design" and noting that bipolar transistors can still operate under reversed polarity, albeit with reduced gain.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity and effectiveness of diodes in H-bridge designs, with some suggesting that the absence of diodes is a design flaw while others point out that certain configurations can still function without them. No consensus is reached on the implications of this design choice.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the uncertainty regarding the reliability of the H772 and H882 transistors, as well as the varying designs of H-bridges that may or may not include protective diodes. The discussion reflects a lack of definitive conclusions about the long-term performance of the circuit without diodes.

Dixo
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G'day all!

I've got an H-bridge here from an old motorised toy.. as I want to use it for something else and the RF receiver is no use to me for this project i figured i' strip the H and stripboard it.

I noticed though that there are no diodes to protect the four transistors (yes they are transistors - looked up the part numbers).

Now I thought this wasn't supposed to work.. but this toy has survived years.

Any ideas?

Thanks,

Dixo
 
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Dixo said:
I noticed though that there are no diodes to protect the four transistors (yes they are transistors - looked up the part numbers).

what is the type # of the transistors ?

I have seen the occasional bipolar transistor H-bridges without diodes ... it is surprising that they don't fail

if they are mosfets, then they have built in diodes by default and don't require external diodes eg ...

h_bridge_cd4011b.gif


I should qualify that by saying that not all MOSFETS have built in diode, many do
 
davenn said:
what is the type # of the transistors ?

Hi dave

They are H772 and H882 - bog standard npn and pnp basically.

davenn said:
I have seen the occasional bipolar transistor H-bridges without diodes ... it is surprising that they don't fail

Yes I was quite surprised too because i understood that without diodes they were guaranteed to fail.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Dixo said:
They are H772 and H882 - bog standard npn and pnp basically.

never heard of them ... can't be very standard

do you have a link to a datasheet please ?
 
Dixo said:
cheers :smile:

definitely ones I have never heard of before
appear to be a Chinese semi manufacturer

will be interested in seeing how well they last for you

you could put diodes across the transistors if you wanted to ... it would give some peace of mind :wink:

H-Bridge-6.gif


they used 1N4148 ... I would prefer to see 1N4001 series diodes in there as they are much more robust and commonly used for that and similar purposes
1N4001 - 4007Dave
 
davenn said:
I have seen the occasional bipolar transistor H-bridges without diodes ... it is surprising that they don't fail

I think it's a case of getting away with sloppy design.
Remember that a bipolar transistor when polarity is reversed will still act like a transistor, just with poor gain.

HbridgeReversed.jpg
 
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