Hamilton-Jacobi equation and particle-wave motion

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SUMMARY

The Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) equation serves as a pivotal formulation in classical mechanics that correlates particle motion with wave motion. It is established that in the classical limit, the Schrödinger equation converges to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, demonstrating a fundamental connection between classical and quantum mechanics. The H-J equation is a partial differential equation solvable with any initial function at time t=0, which acts analogously to the wavefunction in quantum mechanics. This relationship underscores the wave-particle duality inherent in both classical and quantum frameworks.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hamiltonian mechanics
  • Familiarity with the Schrödinger equation
  • Knowledge of wave-particle duality
  • Basic concepts of partial differential equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation
  • Explore the relationship between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics
  • Investigate the role of wavefunctions in quantum mechanics
  • Learn about the mathematical techniques for solving partial differential equations
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, students of classical and quantum mechanics, and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of wave-particle duality will benefit from this discussion.

Vicol
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I've seen somwhere a claim that Hamilton-Jacobi euqation is the only formulation of classical mechanics which can treat motion of particle as wave motion. There was something about hamilton prinicpal function, hamilton characteristic function and one of these change in time like wavefront or something like this :P Sorry for not beeing clear, I don't understand the math behind but the claim sounds really interesting. Mainly beacuse QM does the same - there is a wave associate with particle.

Does anyone have good source of knowledge for this topic or can explain this?
 
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Vicol said:
there is a wave associate with particle.

in the classical limit the Schrödinger equation goes to H - J equation ...

we see that in the classical limit h→ 0 the Schrödinger equation is just the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.

The H-J equation was a partial differential equation that could be solved with any choice of function at t = 0.

This function acts like the wavefunction that we encounter in quantum mechanics.

For the H-J equation we will take a real solution S, and thus we will indeed be dropping...
pl. see the discussion in ref. below p-8

<http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~mathur/821hj.pdf>
 

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