Harmonic Load in the Time and Frequency Domains

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the relationship between a harmonic load expressed in the time domain and its equivalent in the frequency domain. Participants explore the mathematical transformation of the sinusoidal function and its representation using complex exponentials, particularly in the context of stochastic response analysis for single degree of freedom structures.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents the harmonic load as $$F(t)=F_0\cdot \sin(\omega t)$$ and questions how it relates to the frequency domain expression $$F(t)=F_0 \cdot e^{i \omega t}$$ from their lecture notes.
  • Another participant suggests looking into Euler's relationship to understand the connection between sine, cosine, and the exponential function.
  • A participant provides the identity $$\sin x = \frac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{2}$$ but notes that their lecture notes only use one exponential function.
  • Another participant corrects the previous identity to include an imaginary unit in the denominator, stating that $$\sin x = \frac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{2i}$$ and proposes that the lecture notes might be referring to the imaginary part of $$e^{i\omega t}$$.
  • A later reply clarifies that both expressions are in the time domain and suggests that a frequency domain expression for $$\sin(\omega t)$$ would typically involve a Laplace or Fourier transform, indicating that the simplest representation in steady-state situations is known as a phasor.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the transformation of the sine function to the frequency domain, with some providing corrections and alternative interpretations of the mathematical relationships involved. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact nature of the transformation and its implications.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the assumptions made about the frequency domain representations and the specific context of the harmonic load analysis. Participants do not fully explore the implications of using different transforms or the conditions under which these representations hold.

CivilSigma
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Homework Statement


For any harmonic load:

$$F(t)=F_0\cdot \sin(\omega t)$$

What is the corresponding Frequency domain equivalent?

My lecture notes is suggesting:

$$ F(t)=F_0 \cdot e^{i \omega t} $$

But I am failing to see how they are equal?

The lesson is about Stochastic Response of single degree of freedom structures and how to obtain the Transfer function from solving the dynamic equation of motion ( I could provide more detail if it is necessary, but it is the above giving me a hard time)

Thank you
 
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I'm on my phone. If you search for Euler's relationship and look how sine cosine and e are related.
 
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Well,

$$\sin x = \frac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{2}$$

But my lecture notes is only using one exponential function to replace the sin function.
 
Actually there is an ## i## in the denominator, like this:
$$\sin x = \frac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{2i}$$
It is a possibility that they wanted you to take the imaginary portion of ##e^{i\omega t}##, since ## e^{ix} = cos (x) + i sin (x) ##
 
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CivilSigma said:

Homework Statement


For any harmonic load:
$$F(t)=F_0\cdot \sin(\omega t)$$
What is the corresponding Frequency domain equivalent?
My lecture notes is suggesting:
$$ F(t)=F_0 \cdot e^{i \omega t} $$
But I am failing to see how they are equal?
The lesson is about Stochastic Response of single degree of freedom structures and how to obtain the Transfer function from solving the dynamic equation of motion ( I could provide more detail if it is necessary, but it is the above giving me a hard time)
Thank you
Both are time domain.
A frequency domain expression of sin(wt) would be a Laplace, Fourier, or other frequency transform (the simplest is for steady-state situations for which that transform would be just F0., known as a phasor. Or more commonly as F0/√2.
 
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