Heat Pump COP: Air-to-Water Explained

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of air-to-water heat pumps, focusing on the formula for calculating COP, the significance of temperature values, and the discrepancies between theoretical and measured COP values.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes that the COP of a heat pump can be expressed using the formula COP_{heating}=\frac{T_{hot}}{T_{hot}-{T_{cold}}} and questions the definitions of T_{hot} and T_{cold} in the context of an air-to-water heat pump.
  • Another participant confirms the initial definitions of T_{hot} as the water leaving the heat pump and T_{cold} as the outside air temperature.
  • A participant expresses confusion regarding a specific heat pump's COP value, noting a discrepancy when applying the formula with given temperatures.
  • One reply suggests that the temperatures must be converted to Kelvin for accurate calculations.
  • A participant questions the theoretical maximum COP of 8.4 for the given temperatures and seeks clarification on how a measured COP of 3.14 is derived.
  • Another participant explains that the theoretical maximum COP assumes perfect efficiency and that real-world measurements account for additional losses in the system.
  • A later reply clarifies that the formula provided is for the Carnot COP, which applies to an ideal heat pump, and emphasizes the importance of using absolute temperatures in Kelvin for calculations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the definitions of T_{hot} and T_{cold}, as well as the need to use Kelvin for calculations. However, there remains disagreement regarding the interpretation of the COP values and the factors affecting the measured performance of heat pumps.

Contextual Notes

Participants discuss the limitations of the theoretical COP, including assumptions about system efficiency and the impact of real-world operational conditions on performance measurements.

TSN79
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The COP of a heat pump can be expressed as COP_{heating}=\frac{T_{hot}}{T_{hot}-{T_{cold}}}
As higher is better, the value of this can be improved by reducing the temperature gap at which the system works. I'm just a little unsure about which temperatures are being talked about. The heat pump in question is air-to-water. Does T_{cold} refer to the outside air temp? And is T_{hot} the water leaving the heat pump on the other end? These are my guesses anyway. Thx :)
 
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Well, there is obviously something I'm not getting. Take the attached heat pump for instance. The smallest one has a listed COP of 3,14. T_{hot} is said to be 45°C and T_{cold} is 7°C. Using the formula from above this becomes 1,18 - which is obviously not right. What am I not getting?
 

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Thx, I should have seen that one :)
Still, 8,4 is the theoretical maximum COP for these temperatures, isn't that right? So how do they arrive at 3,14?
 
TSN79 said:
Still, 8,4 is the theoretical maximum COP for these temperatures, isn't that right? So how do they arrive at 3,14?
8.4 COP would require a perfectly efficient compressor, expansion valve, no fan for the condenser, etc., so the lower efficiency comes from taking into account those extra losses.

Though if you are asking how they calculate it, they don't; they measure it.
 
the equation you gave is for the carnot COP that for a perfect heat pump where there is no temperature differences across heat exchanges to the heat sinks. The COP of a real heat pump is the heat output divided by the energy input and the carnot efficiently is the ratio of the real COP divided by the theoretical perfect carnot COP. And yes for the perfect carnot COP equation to work you have to enter the temperatures in the absolute kelvin scale. That is degrees C plus 273 as absolute o is -273 degrees C.
 

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