Heat to current conversion efficiency

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the efficiency of converting heat to electricity, comparing traditional thermoelectric power plants with newer technologies such as thermophotovoltaic systems. Participants explore theoretical and experimental efficiencies, as well as the implications of recent discoveries in material science.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the efficiency of heat conversion in standard thermoelectric power plants and compares it to a new device discussed in a linked article.
  • A second participant presents data on the efficiencies of solar thermal, thermoelectric, and thermophotovoltaic systems, highlighting the potential of cermet materials to achieve high thermal transfer efficiencies.
  • Another participant questions the efficiency of traditional heat-to-electricity conversion methods, specifically the process of turning heat into steam to generate electricity.
  • A subsequent reply suggests that the efficiency of converting heat to electricity via heat engines may reach 50%-60% in optimal conditions using combined cycle plants.
  • One participant expresses uncertainty about numerical values and suggests that the question may be better suited for mechanical or electrical engineering forums.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the efficiencies of various heat-to-electricity conversion methods, with no consensus reached on specific numerical values or the best approach to the problem.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference theoretical efficiencies and experimental results, but there are limitations regarding the assumptions made about the systems discussed and the specific conditions under which efficiencies are measured.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying energy conversion technologies, materials science, and engineering, particularly in the context of thermoelectric and thermophotovoltaic systems.

jumpjack
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Does anybody have any numbers for this new discovery?
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/sun-free-photovoltaics-0728.html

How much of the heat is converted into electricity by a standard thermoelectric power plant?
And how much of the heat is converted into electricity by this new device?
 
Last edited by a moderator:
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Abstract
Solar thermal, thermoelectric, and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems have high maximum theoretical efficiencies; experimental systems fall short because of losses by selective solar absorbers and TPV selective emitters. To improve these critical components, we study a class of materials known as cermets. While our approach is completely general, the most promising cermet candidate combines nanoparticles of silica and tungsten. We find that 4-layer silica-tungsten cermet selective solar absorbers can achieve thermal transfer efficiencies of 84.3% at 400 K, and 75.59% at 1000 K, exceeding comparable literature values. Three layer silica-tungsten cermets can also be used as selective emitters for InGaAsSb-based thermophotovoltaic systems, with projected overall system energy conversion efficiencies of 10.66% at 1000 K using realistic design parameters. The marginal benefit of adding more than 4 cermet layers is small (less than 0.26%, relative).

David Chester, Peter Bermel, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljacic, and Ivan Celanovic, "Design and global optimization of high-efficiency solar thermal systems with tungsten cermets," Opt. Express 19, A245-A257 (2011)
 
Thanks for the "new"; what aboud the "old"? Which is the efficiency of turning heat into steam into rotation into electricity?
 
not sure, you may have more luck with that question in mechanical/electrical engineering forums. I don't like numbers :P
 
jumpjack said:
Thanks for the "new"; what aboud the "old"? Which is the efficiency of turning heat into steam into rotation into electricity?

I believe the conversion of heat to electricity via a heat engine is about 50%-60% at max using combined cycle plants.
 

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