HTML/CSS How can I implement a website using HTML and CSS without functionality?

[I like Serena]

It doesn't wotk. I get:

Then you're not running apache yet.
Can you open the apache application?

Apparently one way to do it on Windows, is to open a command prompt, and type:

cd ...\Apache24\bin
httpd.exe

where ... should be replaced by the location where you have Apache.
It's explained in the readme_first.html file that is in the top directory.

 

[evinda]

Then you're not running apache yet.
Can you open the apache application?

Apparently one way to do it on Windows, is to open a command prompt, and type:

cd ...\Apache24\bin
httpd.exe

where ... should be replaced by the location where you have Apache.
It's explained in the readme_first.html file that is in the top directory.

Which of the following files do we use?

 

[I like Serena]

Which of the following files do we use?

Those look the same. :unsure:
Perhaps one of them is a .zip file and the other is the unzipped version.
In that case we need the one that is unzipped.
Either way, we'll find out if we open a command prompt.

If I do it on my Windows I get:

 

[I like Serena]

Which of the following files do we use?

Oh wait. (Wait)
I see now that one is for x64 and the other is for x86.
The first would be a 64-bit version and the other is a 32-bit version.
Either should work.

 

[evinda]

Those look the same. :unsure:
Perhaps one of them is a .zip file and the other is the unzipped version.
In that case we need the one that is unzipped.
Either way, we'll find out if we open a command prompt.

If I do it on my Windows I get:
View attachment 11052

I get:

httpd: Syntax error on line 39 of C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/conf/httpd.conf: ServerRoot must be a valid directory

 

[I like Serena]

I get:

httpd: Syntax error on line 39 of C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/conf/httpd.conf: ServerRoot must be a valid directory

We have to edit that httpd.conf file.
It contains

Define SRVROOT "/Apache24"

I've changed mine to:

Define SRVROOT "C:\Users\vanaarse\Downloads\httpd-2.4.46-o111k-x86-vc15\Apache24"

and it works now.

 

[evinda]

I've changed mine to:

Define SRVROOT "C:\Users\vanaarse\Downloads\httpd-2.4.46-o111k-x86-vc15\Apache24"

and it works now.

So we just write "C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24>"... We don't have to edit something else, do we?

When we get no error, it means that it works, right?

What do we do next?

 

[I like Serena]

So we just write "C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24>"... We don't have to edit something else, do we?

When we get no error, it means that it works, right?

What do we do next?

Open http://localhost in your browser and see if an apache web page shows up.
And if you have your example.html in the correct htdocs directory, we can also try http://localhost/example.html.

Btw, there should not be a '>' at the end of the path.

 

[evinda]

Open http://localhost in your browser and see if an apache web page shows up.
And if you have your example.html in the correct htdocs directory, we can also try http://localhost/example.html.

I open http://localhost and I get:

So it still doesn't work, right? (Sweating)

Btw, there should not be a '>' at the end of the path.

I wrote:

cd C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24

and I got:

C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24>

 

[I like Serena]

I open http://localhost and I get:

So it still doesn't work, right?

I wrote:
cd C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24
and I got:
C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24>

Yes, but the '>' is not part of the path and must not be in the httpd.conf file.
It seems likely that is the reason that it does not work yet.

Furthermore, in the Apache24 directory there is a 'logs' directory that contains the file 'error.log'.
It will contain a line at the end that clarifies why apache does not work yet.

 

[evinda]

Yes, but the '>' is not part of the path and must not be in the httpd.conf file.
It seems likely that is the reason that it does not work yet.

Furthermore, in the Apache24 directory there is a 'logs' directory that contains the file 'error.log'.
It will contain a line at the end that clarifies why apache does not work yet.

In Apache directory I have:

In the log directory I have:

There is also a error directory which contains:

 

[I like Serena]

In Apache directory I have:

In the log directory I have:

There is also a error directory which contains:

Ah, the error.log is not there yet because the path is wrong, so Apache can't write error.log to its proper location yet.
If we fix the path and run httpd.exe again, then the error.log file will appear in the 'logs' directory.

 

[evinda]

Ah, the error.log is not there yet because the path is wrong, so Apache can't write error.log to its proper location yet.
If we fix the path and run httpd.exe again, then the error.log file will appear in the 'logs' directory.

I wrote now:

C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf>httpd.conf

and then I got:

So Apache is working now, or not?

 

[I like Serena]

I wrote now:
C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf>httpd.conf
and then I got:
So Apache is working now, or not?

I'm afraid not.

Let's go through it step by step.

1. We start with the command prompt that you have.
   It shows C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf>.
2. Type C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf> notepad httpd.conf, which will open the configuration file in notepad.
3. Near the top, which is also in your first screenshot, there is a line that reads Define SRVROOT "/Apache24".
   Change that line to Define SRVROOT "C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24"
4. Save the file and close notepad.
5. Type C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf> cd ..\bin.
6. Type C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\bin> httpd.exe, which should start apache.
   The prompt will not return.
   Later on, if we want to, we can stop apache by pressing Ctrl+C, after which the prompt will return.
7. Check if we can open http://localhost in the browser.

(Sweating)

 

[evinda]

I'm afraid not.

Let's go through it step by step.

1. We start with the command prompt that you have.
   It shows C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf>.
2. Type C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf> notepad httpd.conf, which will open the configuration file in notepad.
3. Near the top, which is also in your first screenshot, there is a line that reads Define SRVROOT "/Apache24".
   Change that line to Define SRVROOT "C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24"
4. Save the file and close notepad.
5. Type C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\conf> cd ..\bin.
6. Type C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\bin> httpd.exe, which should start apache.
   The prompt will not return.
   Later on, if we want to, we can stop apache by pressing Ctrl+C, after which the prompt will return.
7. Check if we can open http://localhost in the browser.

(Sweating)

It works now! (Clapping)

So to run the program I save the html file in the "htdocs" directory and the php in the "cgi-bin" directory, right?

 

[I like Serena]

It works now!

Nice. (Sun)

So to run the program I save the html file in the "htdocs" directory and the php in the "cgi-bin" directory, right?

Yep. (Nod)

 

[evinda]

Yep. (Nod)

I open http://localhost/example.html and after giving the input I get:

I saved the two files as follows in the directory we said in the previous post:

At the logs directory there is now a file with the name "error":

And in this file I get:

[Sun Apr 04 01:51:22.887386 2021] [ssl:warn] [pid 17024:tid 540] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:23.427353 2021] [ssl:warn] [pid 17024:tid 540] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:23.428355 2021] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 17024:tid 540] AH00455: Apache/2.4.35 (Win32) OpenSSL/1.0.2p configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:23.428355 2021] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 17024:tid 540] AH00456: Server built: Sep 17 2018 21:34:44
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:23.428355 2021] [core:notice] [pid 17024:tid 540] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd.exe -d C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24'
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:23.541351 2021] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 17024:tid 540] AH00418: Parent: Created child process 15708
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:26.324483 2021] [ssl:warn] [pid 15708:tid 584] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:26.496066 2021] [ssl:warn] [pid 15708:tid 584] AH01909: localhost:443:0 server certificate does NOT include an ID which matches the server name
[Sun Apr 04 01:51:26.501077 2021] [mpm_winnt:notice] [pid 15708:tid 584] AH00354: Child: Starting 64 worker threads. (Sweating)(Sweating)(Sweating)

 

[I like Serena]

I open http://localhost/example.html and after giving the input I get:
I saved the two files as follows in the directory we said in the previous post:
At the logs directory there is now a file with the name "error":
And in this file I get:

It seems there is nothing relevant in the error.log file at this time.

What is the address in your browser after you submit the input?
Perhaps it does not match the location of the .php file?
It should be http://localhost/cgi-bin/action.php.

 

[evinda]

It seems there is nothing relevant in the error.log file at this time.

What is the address in your browser after you submit the input?
Perhaps it does not match the location of the .php file?
It should be http://localhost/cgi-bin/action.php.

No, it is http://localhost/action.php

 

[I like Serena]

No, it is http://localhost/action.php

It is correct then that it cannot find it.

We need to modify example.html so that it says action="cgi-bin/action.php". (Sweating)

 

[evinda]

It is correct then that it cannot find it.

We need to modify example.html so that it says action="cgi-bin/action.php". (Sweating)

I open again that localhost but it directed again to " http://localhost/action.php ".
Then I tried to run the html file from the htdocs I saved that earlier. Then it still doesn't show the result, but now I think it is linked to the correct directory.

The address I get in the browser is:
file:///C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/htdocs/cgi-bin/action.php

and the position of the file is:
C:\Users\evinda\Desktop\Apache\httpd-2.4.35\httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14\Apache24\cgi-bin\action.php

Or is the problem that I get also "htdocs" before the "cgi-bin/action.php"? :unsure:

 

[I like Serena]

I open again that localhost but it directed again to " http://localhost/action.php ".
Then I tried to run the html file from the htdocs I saved that earlier. Then it still doesn't show the result, but now I think it is linked to the correct directory.

Or is the problem that I get also "htdocs" before the "cgi-bin/action.php"?

Did you change example.html? :unsure:

It is indeed a problem that we get "htdocs" before "cgi-bin/action.php".
It is also a problem that we get a 'file://' address in the browser. A .php script cannot execute from a file:// address. It can only execute from an http address.

 

[evinda]

Did you change example.html? :unsure:

In example.html I have now:

<form action="cgi-bin/action.php" method="post">
 <p>Ihr Name: <input type="text" name="name" /></p>
 <p>Ihr Alter: <input type="text" name="alter" /></p>
 <p><input type="submit" /></p>
</form>

It is indeed a problem that we get "htdocs" before "cgi-bin/action.php".
It is also a problem that we get a 'file://' address in the browser. A .php script cannot execute from a file:// address. It can only execute from an http address.

What do I have to change/fix for this problem? :unsure:

 

[I like Serena]

In example.html I have now:

What do I have to change/fix for this problem?

What you have now is correct.
When you click the submit button, you should get http://localhost/cgi-bin/action.php instead of http://localhost/action.php in the address bar.
Do you get that? :unsure:

 

[evinda]

What you have now is correct.
When you click the submit button, you should get http://localhost/cgi-bin/action.php instead of http://localhost/action.php in the address bar.
Do you get that? :unsure:

Now I get:

:unsure:

 

[I like Serena]

Now I get:

It suggests to check the error.log file.
What does it contain at the end now? (Wondering)

 

[evinda]

It suggests to check the error.log file.
What does it contain at the end now? (Wondering)

At the last lines I have:

[Sun Apr 04 09:19:26.215049 2021] [win32:error] [pid 15708:tid 1208] [client ::1:62075] AH02102: C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/cgi-bin/action.php is not executable; ensure interpreted scripts have "#!" or "'!" first line, referer: http://localhost/example.html
[Sun Apr 04 09:19:26.216044 2021] [cgi:error] [pid 15708:tid 1208] (9)Bad file descriptor: [client ::1:62075] AH01222: don't know how to spawn child process: C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/cgi-bin/action.php, referer: http://localhost/example.html

 

[I like Serena]

At the last lines I have:

[Sun Apr 04 09:19:26.215049 2021] [win32:error] [pid 15708:tid 1208] [client ::1:62075] AH02102: C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/cgi-bin/action.php is not executable; ensure interpreted scripts have "#!" or "'!" first line, referer: http://localhost/example.html
[Sun Apr 04 09:19:26.216044 2021] [cgi:error] [pid 15708:tid 1208] (9)Bad file descriptor: [client ::1:62075] AH01222: don't know how to spawn child process: C:/Users/evinda/Desktop/Apache/httpd-2.4.35/httpd-2.4.35-o102p-x86-vc14/Apache24/cgi-bin/action.php, referer: http://localhost/example.html

We can find that it means that PHP is not enabled yet on Apache.
And it is not quite trivial to do so.
Instead of doing that, I propose that we install XAMPP instead.
It's a package bundle of Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl that is available for Windows.
It's here: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/

Then everything will be configured for us, and we will only have to put example.html and action.php in the correct location again.

 

[evinda]

We can find that it means that PHP is not enabled yet on Apache.
And it is not quite trivial to do so.
Instead of doing that, I propose that we install XAMPP instead.
It's a package bundle of Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl that is available for Windows.
It's here: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/

Then everything will be configured for us, and we will only have to put example.html and action.php in the correct location again.

I installed it! Do I save now the html and php files in the directory of XAMPP? :unsure:

 

[I like Serena]

I installed it! Do I save now the html and php files in the directory of XAMPP?

Yep. (Nod)
It should also have an htdocs and cgi-bin directory.

 

[evinda]

Yep. (Nod)
It should also have an htdocs and cgi-bin directory.

I saved the files and I ran the html file and after submitting the data I get:

At the address there is again htdocs before cgi-bin. Is this correct?

 

[I like Serena]

I saved the files and I ran the html file and after submitting the data I get:

At the address there is again htdocs before cgi-bin. Is this correct?

Nope. That is not correct. (Shake)
And it is not correct either that it refers to C:/xampp.
Perhaps you've opened C:/xampp/htdocs/example.html instead of http://localhost/example.html? (Wondering)

 

[evinda]

Nope. That is not correct. (Shake)
And it is not correct either that it refers to C:/xampp.
Perhaps you've opened C:/xampp/htdocs/example.html instead of http://localhost/example.html? (Wondering)

Yes, you are right. I opened it now http://localhost/example.html? and I get:

(Sweating) (Sweating) (Sweating)

 

[I like Serena]

Yes, you are right. I opened it now http://localhost/example.html? and I get:

Well, at least it says at the bottom that we have a PHP server now, so that is good! ;)

What does the error.log file in the C:\xampp\logs directory show at the bottom? (Wondering)

 

[evinda]

Well, at least it says at the bottom that we have a PHP server now, so that is good! ;)

What does the error.log file in the C:\xampp\logs directory show at the bottom? (Wondering)

[Sun Apr 04 11:46:29.360215 2021] [win32:error] [pid 4540:tid 1872] [client ::1:63324] AH02102: C:/xampp/cgi-bin/action.php is not executable; ensure interpreted scripts have "#!" or "'!" first line
[Sun Apr 04 11:46:29.360215 2021] [cgi:error] [pid 4540:tid 1872] (9)Bad file descriptor: [client ::1:63324] AH01222: don't know how to spawn child process: C:/xampp/cgi-bin/action.php

 

[I like Serena]

[Sun Apr 04 11:46:29.360215 2021] [win32:error] [pid 4540:tid 1872] [client ::1:63324] AH02102: C:/xampp/cgi-bin/action.php is not executable; ensure interpreted scripts have "#!" or "'!" first line
[Sun Apr 04 11:46:29.360215 2021] [cgi:error] [pid 4540:tid 1872] (9)Bad file descriptor: [client ::1:63324] AH01222: don't know how to spawn child process: C:/xampp/cgi-bin/action.php

I've noticed that there is an index.php file in the htdocs directory that does work.
So apparently we need to put the action.php file in the htdocs directory.
And we need to change the 'action' in example.html again to action="action.php".

 

[evinda]

I've noticed that there is an index.php file in the htdocs directory that does work.
So apparently we need to put the action.php file in the htdocs directory.
And we need to change the 'action' in example.html again to action="action.php".

It works now! (Blush) We have an other php file which is in the form:

<?php
$content = [
    "Phones" => [
        "filters" => ["Display",  "System"],
        "products" => [
            [
                "image" => [
                    "src" => "images/iphone-12.jpeg",
                    "width" => 150,
                    "height" => 200
                ],
                "title" => "Apple iPhone 12",
                "description" => ... ,
                "price" => 732
            ],
            [
                "image" => [
                    "src" => "images/galaxy-s21.jpeg",
                    "width" => 150,
                    "height" => 200
                ],
                "title" => "Samsung Galaxy S21",
                "description" => ... ,
                "price" => 709
            ]
        ]
    ] 
] 
?>

How do we use at the other php file the information of this array? Do we use something like "$file = file_get_contents('content.php');" ?

 

[I like Serena]

We have an other php file which is in the form:

How do we use at the other php file the information of this array? Do we use something like "$file = file_get_contents('content.php');" ?

I believe we can do:

<?php
include 'content.php';
?>

in the other .php file.
Now we can use $content in the main php script. (Thinking)

 

[evinda]

I believe we can do:

<?php
include 'content.php';
?>

in the other .php file.
Now we can use $content in the main php script. (Thinking)

So in the main php file I write

<?php
include 'content.php';
?>

so that we can use the content of the file content.php? And when we want to refer to an element of that array do I call it $content?

 

[I like Serena]

So in the main php file I write

so that we can use the content of the file content.php? And when we want to refer to αν element of that array do I call it $content?

$content is an array and we can access the elements in it yes. (Thinking)

 

[evinda]

$content is an array and we can access the elements in it yes. (Thinking)

I want to check if the input that we give is in the array $content. For this do I write a code as the following?

<?php include "content.php"; ?>

<html>
<body>
<?php
foreach($content as $item) {
    if ($item = $POST['search']){
       echo 'OK!'; 
    } 
}
?> 
... 
... 
</body> 
</html>

 

[I like Serena]

I want to check if the input that we give is in the array $content. For this do I write a code as the following?

Code that is like that yes. (Nod)

However, the foreach will only loop through the top level of $content, which contains only the key 'Phones'.
Furthermore, the element in the array is actually a key => value pair, which won't match your search string.
We should match only the key part, which means we should use a slightly different variant of the foreach loop. (Thinking)

Perhaps we should start with:

<?php
foreach($content as $item) {
    echo $item
}
?>

so that we can see what kind of items we have in $content.

 

[evinda]

Code that is like that yes. (Nod)

However, the foreach will only loop through the top level of $content, which contains only the key 'Phones'.
Furthermore, the element in the array is actually a key => value pair, which won't match your search string.
We should match only the key part, which means we should use a slightly different variant of the foreach loop. (Thinking)

Ok, so with "foreach(\$content as \$item)" we check the top level. How do we check the next level or the last level? Do we write something like "foreach(\$content[Phones] as \$item)" for the second level?

 

[I like Serena]

Ok, so with foreach($content as $item) we check the top level. How do we check the next level or the last level? Do we write something like foreach($content[Phones] as $item) for the second level?

I think we need foreach($content as $deviceType => $deviceAttributes) for the top level.

We would indeed use a nested foreach for the second level, but the array won't be \$content["Phones"]. Not unless we want to skip the top level completely.
Instead we need to get the appropriate array from \$deviceAttributes.

 

[evinda]

I think we need foreach($content as $deviceType => $deviceAttributes) for the top level.

We would indeed use a nested foreach for the second level, but the array won't be \$content["Phones"]. Not unless we want to skip the top level completely.
Instead we need to get the appropriate array from \$deviceAttributes.

So to check first the top level you mean to write:

<?php include "content.php"; ?>

<html>
<body>
<?php
foreach($content as $deviceType => $deviceAttributes) {
    if ($deviceType = $POST['search']){
       echo 'OK!'; 
    } 
}
?>

I get then:

(Sweating)

 

[I like Serena]

So to check first the top level you mean to write:

I get then:

It says that the variable POST is not defined in line 7.
The other notices are consequences of the use of a variable that does not exist.

Perhaps the name of the variable is not POST but something else? Perhaps there is a typo in it?
What did you use when it was working? :unsure:

 

[evinda]

It says that the variable POST is not defined in line 7.
The other notices are consequences of the use of a variable that does not exist.

Perhaps the name of the variable is not POST but something else? Perhaps there is a typo in it?
What did you use when it was working? :unsure:

I had a typo. I corrected it and it works now. (Blush)

So if we input Mobile Phones we should get what we did at the beginning with the HTML code, I mean the two products, Apple and Samsung should be shown. Do we write this HTML code inside the "<?php ... ?>" or do we write this in the way we write Javascript, I mean to call a function and the function tells us if something is displayed or not?

 

[I like Serena]

So if we input Mobile Phones we should get what we did at the beginning with the HTML code, I mean the two products, Apple and Samsung should be shown. Do we write this HTML code inside the "<?php ... ?>" or do we write this in the way we write Javascript, I mean to call a function and the function tells us if something is displayed or not?

Those 2 approaches do not seem mutually exclusive. We can do both.

That is, we can have a php foreach loop that outputs html code.
And we can call a php function to decide if we should do the output or not as well.

 

[evinda]

Those 2 approaches do not seem mutually exclusive. We can do both.

That is, we can have a php foreach loop that outputs html code.
And we can call a php function to decide if we should do the output or not as well.

Ok!

If we have the input "Phones" we want to display the two filters "Display" and "System" which are in the php file as:

$content = [
"Phones" => [
"filters" => ["Display", "System"],
... so do we write:

<?php
foreach($content as $deviceType => $deviceAttribute => $filters) { 
?> 
   <input type="checkbox" checked="checked"><?php echo $filters;<br/>  ?> 
?>

?

 

[I like Serena]

If we have the input "Phones" we want to display the two filters "Display" and "System" which are in the php file as:

so do we write:

That does not look like correct php.

I've added line numbers to your code.

1. <?php
2. foreach($content as $deviceType => $deviceAttribute => $filters) {
3. ?>
4.    <input type="checkbox" checked="checked"><?php echo $filters;<br/>  ?>
5. ?>

- In line 2 we have a foreach with brace open {, but I don't see a corresponding endforeach with a brace close }.
- In line 2 the syntax of foreach is not valid. Perhaps we should have a nested foreach?
- In line 4 we echo \$filters, but that is not a string, but an array.
- In line 5 we have a ?> that does not seem to belong to any starting <?php.
(Sweating)