How do astronauts suits protect them from Solar Radiation?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on how astronaut suits protect against solar radiation and cosmic rays, particularly in the context of space travel to the Moon and Mars. Participants explore the effectiveness of space suits and the need for additional shielding in spacecraft and lunar or Martian habitats.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that Earth's magnetic field provides some protection from radiation while in orbit, but question its effectiveness on the Moon where the magnetic field does not extend.
  • One participant references the structure of space suits, noting that they incorporate materials designed to absorb or block radiation, but does not specify their effectiveness against all types of radiation.
  • Another participant argues that space suits offer limited protection from cosmic rays and solar storms, highlighting the need for spacecraft to have additional shielding, such as a 'storm cellar' for protection during solar events.
  • Concerns are raised about the potential dangers of solar flares, referencing a historical incident during the Apollo missions that could have resulted in significant radiation exposure.
  • There is a discussion about the radiation levels on Mars, with one participant noting that Mars is farther from the Sun and questioning how much less solar radiation it receives compared to Earth.
  • One participant provides specific dose rates of radiation exposure during various space missions, emphasizing that while space suits can protect against alpha radiation, they are less effective against gamma radiation, which poses significant risks.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the effectiveness of space suits against radiation, with no consensus on the adequacy of protection provided. There are competing perspectives on the necessity of additional shielding for lunar and Martian missions.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention various types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) and their implications for space travel, but do not resolve the complexities of radiation shielding or the specific materials used in space suits.

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I assume, that when in orbit, astronauts are still somewhat protected by the Earths magnetic field? However, what about when they're on the moon? Does the Earths magnetic field extend that far? If not, how do they protect their bodies from harmful radiation?
 
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I don't know the particulars, but maybe this will help.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_suit

The various liners and layers of the space suit incorporate materials designed to absorb or block radiation and other hazards in space.
 
Put bluntly, space-suits offer little protection from cosmic rays or a solar storm. Spacecraft such as ISS station must be designed with a 'storm cellar', an arrangement of equipment that will double as shielding when faced 'up-sun'...

IIRC, a massive solar flare occurred between the Apollo #16 & #17 missions which could have given an exposed crew a near-fatal radiation dose. It would certainly have made them very ill, perhaps incapable of flying the return leg of the mission...

This is why, although many artists' impressions of a moon-base show a cluster of pressurised modules, the real thing must add a thick topping of moon-dirt or have a 'storm-cellar' tunnelled several feet underground...

Similar problems apply to manned Mars missions, IIRC, as Mars does not have enough atmosphere or magnetic field to shield the surface...
 
Nik_2213 said:
Similar problems apply to manned Mars missions, IIRC, as Mars does not have enough atmosphere or magnetic field to shield the surface...
But Mars is farther from the Sun, so it would receive less solar radiation--how much less, exactly?
 
According to Buckey's "Space Physiology", the relevant dose rates are:

8d Shuttle flight 0.0053 Sv
5mth on Mir 0.16 Sv
Dose on Mir from October 1989 solar event 0.15 Sv
Trip to Moon 0.011 Sv
Trip to Mars (flight) 0.5 Sv/yr
Surface of Mars 0.12 Sv/yr

For comparison, a chest x-ray delivers 0.0001 Sv, and the galactic cosmic radiation background (no shielding, solar minimum) is 0.5 Sv/yr

As mentioned, shielding is required for spaceflight- the suit will protect against alpha radiation, but little else. Spacecraft can also protect against beta radiation. In the end, it's the gamma radiation that causes problems.
 

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